减量配施腐植酸肥对连作马铃薯及土壤的影响

当前马铃薯生产中,农民过量及盲目施肥现象严重,造成生产成本增加、土壤理化性状恶化、环境污染加剧等问题,为解决这类问题,确定合理减量施肥量,有效指导马铃薯科学种植,特开展试验.选用常用复合肥、腐植酸复合肥及腐植酸控释氮肥3种不同类型肥料为基肥,每种肥料分别设置常量施肥和减量30％施肥两个处理,共6个处理.通过测定马铃薯产...     

不同肉色甘薯的营养成分与生物活性

为明确不同品种甘薯营养成分和生物活性的差异和相关性,以浙江省常见的不同肉色(紫色、橘色、黄色、白色)甘薯品种为材料,测定甘薯的营养成分含量(干物质、还原糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、类胡萝卜素、花色苷、多酚)和生物活性[清除DPPH?能力、抑制胰蛋白酶活性能力、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性],并进行差异显著性分析、相关性...     

马铃薯块茎蛾生物防治研究进展与展望

马铃薯块茎蛾是马铃薯上重要的世界性害虫,会对马铃薯造成毁灭性的危害,该害虫目前已成为影响马铃薯产业发展的重要因素.化学农药的过度使用造成了马铃薯块茎蛾的抗药性增强,使用单一的化学防治并不能对该虫进行长久有效的控制.因此,近年来生物防治逐渐引起了研究人员的重视.本文从马铃薯块茎蛾的天敌种类、昆虫病原物、昆虫性信息素和植物...     

烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片的研制及质构特性分析

将黑蒜和山药加入马铃薯粉中,研制烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片。以感官评分和质构特性为评价指标,探讨黑蒜粉添加量、山药粉添加量、白砂糖添加量、食盐添加量以及烘烤温度和烘烤时间对烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片制作配方及工艺。结果表明,烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片的最佳配方及工艺为：马铃薯粉添加量30 g,白砂糖添加量9 g,油添加量2 g,食盐添加量1.0 g,黑蒜粉添加量1.5 g,山药粉添加量9 g,水添加量50 mL,烘烤温度145℃,烘烤时间22 min。按此配方及工艺条件生产的黑蒜山药薯片质地均匀,无裂纹,口感较好,入口爽脆,有独特的黑蒜风味。研究结果为新型薯片的研制提供技术支持。     

华薯和鄂薯系列马铃薯品种晚疫病抗病基因及水平抗性相关基因SNP位点检测

鄂薯和华薯系列马铃薯品种是由湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心和华中农业大学马铃薯团队选育而成的品种.鄂薯系列马铃薯品种大多为中晚熟品种,适合西南山区种植;华薯系列马铃薯品种多为早熟品种,适于华中低山丘陵和平原地区种植.研究对2个系列品种部分晚疫病抗病基因进行了分子标记检测,同时对几个水平抗性相关基因SNP位点进行了检测....     

水分高效利用型谷子新品种"冀谷19"选育研究

冀谷19是采用杂交方法从"矮88×青丰谷"中选育而成,表现优质、高产和水分利用效率高.2002年和2003年国家夏谷新品种区域试验,平均单产5 296.5 kg/hm2,较对照豫谷5号增产14.4%.2004年通过全国谷子品种鉴定委员会鉴定.2004年推广面积58 000 hm2,最高单产达8 430 kg/hm2,成为河北省旱地无公害优质小米开发的骨干品种.     

河北省审定优质麦主要性状分析

分析了1998～2005年河北省审定优质小麦品种的农艺性状、品质性状及来源.结果表明:审定品种的产量水平和株高近年来改良效果明显,基本接近于高产品种;蛋白质和稳定时间基本达到国家强筋麦标准,而湿面筋含量、吸水率和沉降值相对较低;优质基因源狭窄.优质麦育种今后应注重沉降值和吸水率的研究和选择,拓宽遗传基础.     

冷凉灌区马铃薯施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

为了明确不同施肥量(复合肥)和种植密度对冷凉灌区马铃薯生长的影响。试验以‘冀张薯12号’为供试品种,开展施肥量与种植密度二因素试验,设3个施肥量(600、1100、1600 kg/hm²)与4个种植密度(5.25万、6万、6.75万、7.5万株/hm²),研究不同施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长、产量与水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：增加施肥量能延缓马铃薯生育期,提高种植密度能缩短生育期;随施肥量增大,马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值均显著增大;随种植密度增加,马铃薯株高、茎粗、叶面积指数及叶片SPAD值与产量均表现为先增后减趋势,施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯株高、SPAD值与产量的影响顺序为施肥量>密度;随施肥量和群体种植密度的增加,马铃薯大薯产量、大薯数、产量、水分利用效率均呈先增后减的变化趋势,产量要素之间呈极显著正相关关系,其中,以处理F₂D₃的马铃薯产量与水分利用效率最大。通过二元二次回归分析表明,当施肥量达到1065.366 kg/hm²,种植密度达到6.7...     

An investigation into the grazing efficiency of perennial ryegrass varieties

The objective of this study was to compare the grazing efficiency of 30 perennial ryegrass varieties, differing in ploidy and heading date. Plots were grazed by lactating dairy cows and managed under a rotational grazing system with 19 grazing events occurring over two years. Pre-grazing and post-grazing compressed sward heights were measured with a rising plate meter. A mixed model was used to predict the post-grazing sward height of each variety based on year, grazing event, block and pre-grazing sward height. Residual grazed height (RGH) was derived as the difference between the actual and predicted post-grazing sward height and was used as the measure of grazing efficiency. Negative RGH values indicated that the actual herbage removed was greater than that predicted and so indicated a superior grazing efficiency. Varieties differed in their level of grazing efficiency (p < .001), with RGH values ranging from −0.38 to +0.34 cm. Tetraploid varieties exhibited significantly greater grazing efficiency performance than diploids (p < .001), with average RGH values of −0.13 and +0.13 cm respectively. A significant difference in grazing efficiency was found among recommended perennial ryegrass varieties that are not being recorded by mechanically harvested simulated grazing protocols. A variety reappraisal that included grazing efficiency could identify varieties capable of improving on-farm livestock productivity from grass.     

Simulation modelling of potato virus Y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity

Potato virus Y(PVY) is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato production. We constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVY spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency, initial inoculum levels, vector behavior, vector abundance, and timing of peak vector activity on PVY incidence at the end of a simulated growing season. Lower PVY incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the season. However, when populations of efficient PVY vectors were high, significant PVY spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was low. Non-colonizing aphids were more important for PVY spread compared to colonizing aphids, particularly at high densities. An early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season, while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus spread. Our results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVY-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato fields. Such management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.