黑河莺落峡年径流量时序变化的趋势特性及丰枯演化规律研究

黑河是我国一条重要的内陆河,对黑河流域年径流量的变化特征进行深入研究,具有重要的现实意义。文中应用Kendal趋势检验法、R/S分析法、条件概率分析法和M arkov过程基本的理论,对黑河上游莺落峡水文站1945~2000年实测年径流量时序变化的趋势特性及丰枯演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:莺落峡年径流量变化具有如下主要规律:呈增加趋势,但是并不显著;变化存在正的持续性,预计进入21世纪后将继续呈微弱增加趋势;无论何种长度的连续年数,都是连枯的概率最大、连平的概率次之,连丰的概率最小;径流枯水状态的自保守性最强,平水状态的自保守性次之,丰水状态的自保守性最弱;无论处于何种初始状态,径流向枯水状态转移的概率最大,向平水状态转移的概率次之,向丰水状态转移的概率最小。在径流的长期演化过程中,枯水状态的出现机会占有优势,平水状态和枯水状态的出现机会相同。     

天山中段雪岭云杉林区辐射特征分析

利用天山中段雪岭云杉林区全年辐射观测资料,分析了云杉林区辐射平衡各分量的年、季节和日变化特征。结果表明：林区辐射平衡各分量呈现出明显的年变化和日变化特征。6-8月的向下短波辐射高于其他月份,12月份出现最小值。向下、向上长波辐射和净辐射通量的变化趋势与之相同,10月开始逐渐减小,最小值出现在12月,3月开始缓慢增加,至...     

Including an additional systematic environmental effect within a generation in an evaluation model improves accuracy of prediction of breeding values in a closed herd of pigs

The present study evaluated the advantage of mixed‐model techniques over a selection index under different magnitudes of an additional systematic environmental effect (ASEE) in terms of accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain. The data attempted to simulate a closed herd in a pig breeding program. The base population (G₀) consisted of 10 males and 50 females. Six generations (G₀ to G₅) were selected by using a selection index of three traits without overlapping. Additional systematic environmental constants with four levels in a generation were assigned from a uniform distribution at different ranges. Breeding values of animals in the last generation (G₅) were estimated on the basis of an index of individual phenotype (SI‐U), SI‐U adjusted for ASEE using a least‐squares mean (SI‐A), best linear unbiased prediction using an animal model excluding ASEE (AM‐E), and an animal model including ASEE (AM‐I). Accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain were larger by the animal model than by the selection index, even if heritability of the traits selected was high and ASEE was set to zero. When ASEE was zero, the accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain given by SI‐U and AM‐I were similar to those given by SI‐A and AM‐E, respectively. However, the differences in accuracy and expected gain between SI‐U and AI‐A and between AM‐I and AM‐E increased as the range of ASEE increased. It was concluded that selection based on an animal model was more effective than index selection, even if the herd environment was uniform and traits with high heritability were selected, and that it should be always included in an evaluation model, however slight any systematic environmental effect may be in a closed herd.     

不同土地利用方式对风沙土酶活性的影响

以辽宁省彰武县柳河流域忙海林子村为例,研究了不同土地利用方式对该区域风沙土6种酶活性的影响。结果表明:裸地由于几乎无植被覆盖,各类生物少,酶活性普遍处于最低水平,应采取措施改良;河滩地由于其特殊的地理位置,土壤易被河水冲刷,酶活性普遍处于较低水平,且由于耕种会影响泄洪,因此,河滩地不适合开垦为耕地;非河滩耕地酶活性基本处于中等水平,说明由于耕作、收割等,加剧了水土流失过程,降低了酶活性,可适度休耕;天然草地酶活性基本处于较高水平,说明天然草地可在一定程度上改善风沙土酶活性;林地酶活性普遍处于最高水平,说明种植杨树对改善风沙土酶活性效果最为明显。     

湟中马血清酯酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省湟中县９１匹马血清酯酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现：①湟中马的血清酯酶受ＥＳ＾Ｆ，ＥＳ＾Ｉ，ＥＳ＾Ｓ和ＥＳ＾Ｏ４个等位基因的控制，其基因频率分别为０．４４５０，０．５３３０，０．０１１０和０．０１１０；②在被检湟中马的ＥＳ位点上共发现ＥＳ Ｆ，ＥＳ ＦＩ，ＥＳ Ｉ，ＥＳ ＩＳ和ＥＳ Ｏ五种表型，以ＥＳ ＦＩ为优势表型（４７．２５％）；③ＥＳ等位基因频率无性别差异；④     

Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) improve growth performance,antioxidant status and caecal characteristics in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate carob pods and their effect on growth performance, antioxidant activities, carcass and caecal characteristics and equilibrium modification of the caecal microbiota population of growing NZW rabbits. Eighty weaned rabbits (initial body weight: 625.00 ± 26.46 g) were randomly allocated into four dietary groups of 20 rabbits each until 90 days of age. Dietary groups were as follows: C (basal diet with no supplementation), CP1 (basal diet + 2.5% carob pods), CP2 (basal diet + 5% carob pods) and CP3 (basal diet + 10% carob pods). Rabbits given the CP2 diet had significantly higher daily and final body weights compared with the other experimental groups. The increase in inclusion rate of carob pods significantly decreased feed intake, whereas carob pods at 5% in the CP2 group recorded the best value of feed conversion ratio. Rabbits in the CP3 group showed the worst slaughter weight and carcass dressing percentage weight. No significant effect was found on meat protein and ash contents. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rabbits treated with carob pods compared with the control. Because of high content of the antioxidant compounds in CP2 and CP3 groups, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, whereas the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance decreased significantly. Rabbits given the CP2 diet had a significantly higher volatile fatty acid concentration and a lower pH in content of the caecum compared to the other groups. The data of microbial analysis for C group showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli and Clostridium counts. Lactobacillus and Bacillus counts increased significantly more in the CP2 and CP3 groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, 5% of carob pods in the diet stimulated the performance of growing rabbits, and thus, it has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits without any adverse effects.     

家蚕平附种母蛾微粒子病集团抽样检验方法改进研究

以超几何分布和二项分布为基本数学模型,综合现行家蚕母蛾微粒子病集团检验方法的优点,结合广西蚕种生产实际,以集团为单位,设计形成适合平附种的计数二次抽样检验方法。分别从理论和实际两个方面对新方案进行了比较分析。结果表明新方案解决了现行方法有毒集团与有毒蛾数不对等的问题,改进了农业行业标准散卯种方法过于严格,生产方风险过大的问题,改进了农业行业标准平附种方法过于宽松,使用方风险失控的问题,同时检验结果准确,检验工作量少,具有较高的准确性和较好的经济性。     

褐飞虱不同为害状损失率测定研究

本研究旨在为褐飞虱为害损失的调查提供直观、准确的参考依据。研究表明,褐飞虱各种田间受害状都有产量损失,各症状的产量损失率为２５．８％～９４．０％。以百穗实粒干重为统计标准,Ｆ＝１８８．７０４＊＊,达极显著差异水平。ＳＳＲ多重比较,不同水稻被害状之间损失梯度明显。产量因素剖析表明,褐飞虱的为害主要是导致结实率和千粒重显著降低。文中举例说明了研究结果的应用方法。     

滇中地区花椰菜引种观察试验初报

于2006年秋,引进51个花椰菜品种,在昆明市海拔1 920 m的试验地安排花椰菜引种观察试验,试验结果表明,太白、一代神良100天、赛白80、玛瑞亚和白阳5个品种商品性优,产量性状也较理想,抗病性较好,具有良好的推广应用前景,适宜在滇中地区种植,建议参加2007年的品种比较试验.     

灵芝多糖液体发酵条件优化

从一系列灵芝(Ganoderma sp.)菌种中筛选出多糖产量高、生长快的紫灵芝菌株(G.japoncium),研究了不同氮源、碳源及金属离子对紫灵芝产多糖的影响。结果表明,以2%的蔗糖为碳源,0.2%的豆饼粉为氮源,0.2%的FeSO4为培养基可获得较高多糖。发酵罐放大实验表明,采用同样的培养基,每100mL发酵液胞外粗多糖含量可高达181.7mg,每100mL发酵液菌丝体含量可高达151.0mg,发酵过程中pH值的变化比较缓和,相对摇瓶生长,发酵生产可获得更多的灵芝多糖。