Comparison of acid–base and electrolyte changes following administration of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 in a saline and a polyionic solution in anaesthetized dogs

Objective

To evaluate the effects of a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.42) in either a buffered, electrolyte-balanced (HES-BAL) or saline (HES-SAL) carrier solution on electrolyte concentrations and acid–base parameters in healthy anaesthetized dogs.

铝电解电容器电解液的研究

在无水封闭的环境中，研制了以乙二醇、二甘醇、聚乙二醇为溶剂，苯甲酸铵、癸二酸铵、次亚磷酸铵、己二酸铵和柠檬酸为溶质的工作电解液。实验结果表明，在不同温度下，电解液颜色逐渐加深，电导率逐渐增大，pH值逐渐减小，闪火电压比较稳定。     

无筋砌体局部受压探讨

无筋砌体梁端支承处砌体局部受压承载力计算存在不完善之处，针对有效支承长度和梁端支承条件，提出修正公式及研究方向。     

饲粮电解质平衡对动物营养物质代谢的影响

饲粮电解质平衡状况可影响动物机体酸碱平衡,进而影响营养物质的消化吸收率,还可通过改变一些酶的活性而影响氨基酸等养分的代谢利用。     

Cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic components of membrane stability of winter wheat plants exposed to sub‐zero temperatures

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is seeded in the autumn and harvested the following summer, and therefore, must survive multiple episodes of subfreezing temperatures throughout the winter months. Cellular membrane stability following exposure to subfreezing temperatures contributes to the ability to survive these episodes. This study investigated the inheritance of the ability to tolerate subfreezing temperatures with a seven‐parent diallel cross analysis of cellular membrane integrity as measured by electrolyte leakage after exposure to ?10 or ?14 °C. Significant differences in membrane stability were found among the parent lines. The inheritance of the freezing tolerance as measured by electrolyte leakage was complex and characterized by significant additive, dominant and cytoplasmic effects. General combining ability, indicative of additive genetic effects, were significant at both test temperatures, but accounted for 25.5% of the variance at the ?10° C test temperature, and only 4% of the variance at the ?14 °C test temperature. Specific combining ability, indicative of genetic dominance effects, were significant at both test temperatures, but accounted for only 14.6% of the variance at the ?10 °C test temperature, and 38% of the variance at the ?14 °C test temperature. Reciprocal (cytoplasmic) effects were significant and accounted for about 20% of the variance at both test temperatures. Cytoplasmic effects contributing to greater membrane stability were especially apparent in the cultivar Tiber when crossed to Masami, Lewjain, or Hatton. These results suggest that efforts to improve freezing tolerance are complicated by differing gene action at different test temperatures and also may benefit from identifying specific combinations of nuclear and cytoplasm sources that are most conducive to membrane stability following freezing.     

Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on growth performance,intestinal histomorphology,digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporters expression of weaned piglets

Fifty-six piglets were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens for a 14-day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na +K − Cl mEq/kg of the diet; −50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate contents. Dietary CA significantly increased (p < .05) villus height (VH) and villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) in the jejunum. Piglets fed a 250 mEq/kg diet increased (p < .05) VH and VH:CD values in the duodenum. Jejunal VH and VH:CD increased (quadratic; p < .05), and ileal VH:CD (liner and quadratic; p < .05) decreased as dEB was increased in diets without CA, but no such effect was observed on the diets containing CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). The CD in jejunum (quadratic; p < .05) increased as dEB was increased in diets containing CA, whereas it was decreased (linear; p < .05) in the diets without CA (dEB ×CA; p < .001). Dietary CA increased maltase activity and reduced the number of Ki67-positive cells (p < .05). Increasing dEB values in diets without CA increased sucrose and lactase activities (quadratic; p < .05), but no such effect was observed in the diets with CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). An interaction effect between dEB and CA on the number of Ki67-positive cells was observed (p < .001). In conclusion, 250 mEq/kg dEB diet with CA improved piglet intestinal digestion and absorption function by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activities. However, these improvements were also observed in piglets fed the 100 mEq/kg dEB diet without CA.     

国产海雀稗种质资源抗寒性鉴定

采用叶片电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复生长试验法,对37份国产海雀稗种质资源和6份海雀稗引进品种进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质渗出率测定结果表明,在0~-8℃之间的低温胁迫下,随着温度的降低,电解质渗出率快速地升高;在-8~-12℃之间,电解质渗出率上升比较缓慢,在-12~-16℃之间,上升非常缓慢,逐渐趋于稳定。不同材料间的抗寒性LT50存在较大的遗传变异,变异范围为-0.09~-7.24℃,国产海雀稗种质资源中P049、P042、P013、P018-2和P058的LT50低于-5℃,其中P049的LT_(50)最低(-7.24℃),低于所有引进的对照品种。匍匐茎恢复试验的测定结果表明,-16℃低温胁迫后,所有参试材料都不能恢复生长。0~-12℃低温处理后,不同材料的恢复生长能力也存在较大的遗传变异,总萌芽率的变异范围为10%~46.7%。其中P055(1)在0~-12℃低温处理后都能恢复,抗寒性最好;其次为P033,在0~-8℃均可以恢复,且恢复生长率均在75%以上,总萌芽率最高。P055(1)和P033的恢复生长百分率高于所有引进对照品种。     

国外木本植物抗寒性测定方法综述

文中对目前国外采用的不同抗寒性测定方法的测定原理、测定程序以及优缺点等作了较为详细的介绍。这些测定方法有全株冰冻测试法（组织褐变法）、电解质渗出率法、叶绿素荧光法、热分析法（主要用差热分析法）、电阻抗图谱法以及核磁共振显微镜图谱法和可视＋近红外线光谱法等。并简介了这些测定方法的适用性和抗寒性测定方法的研究展望。     

Studies on Electrolyte Conductivity and Activity of Dehydrogenase of Chinese Fir and Masson Pine Bare—Root Seedling under Water and Cold Stress

The electrolyte conductivity and activity of dehydrogenase of bare-root seedlings of both Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook.)and Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) under freezing and desiccation treatments were studied.The results showed that needle electrolyte conductivity of both speices increase significantly after freezing treatment and there are no significant differences in needle electrolyte conductivity between the two species.The dehydrogenase activity(ARD) of fine roots of both Chinese fir and Masson pine was negatively correlated with increasing freezing and desiccation.The results suggest that both electrolyte conductivity and dehydrogenase activity could be used as quick indicators of Chinese fir and Masson pine bare-root seedling quality.     

Stress resistance levels change little during dormancy in ash,sessile oak and sycamore seedlings

The physiological status of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.)) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seedlings sampled from nurseries in Ireland between October and May, 1995/1996 and 1996/1997 was investigated. The results of heat treatments applied to taproots in vitro and evaluated using root electrolyte leakage (REL) indicated that sycamore was more easily damaged than the other species but lift date effects were small in all species. Dormancy release began later each year in ash (mid-November) than in oak or sycamore (late October to early November). The results of the REL and other data indicated that there was little change in stress resistance from November to about March (and April for some parameters). Sycamore was most active (highest shoot xylem pressure potential, REL, and root growth potential) during the winter, suggesting that adverse handling during this period is likely to reduce plant quality than in ash or oak. Field performance was good regardless of lifting/planting date.