Evaluation of the optimal strong ion difference concentration of an oral electrolyte and buffering solution for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea

An observational study was conducted to comparatively assess the efficacy of three different oral rehydration and buffering solutions, differentiated by their strong ion difference (SID) concentration, for treatment of neonatal calves with naturally acquired diarrhea. The SID concentrations tested were 100 mM, 170 mM and 230 mM for treatments SID₁₀₀, SID₁₇₀ and SID₂₃₀, respectively. Clinical assessment and blood gas analysis were completed for 18 diarrheic calves once pre- and twice post- (6 and 24 hr after) oral administration with one of the three treatments. A repeated measure mixed model approach was used to analyze (a) the within-group efficacy of each treatment over time and (b) the between-group comparison at each timepoint. SID₂₃₀ treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood pH, HCO₃⁻, BE, SID and Na⁺ at 6 and 24 hr after treatment, and a significant decrease in AG and K⁺ by 24 hr after treatment. There were no significant changes in any of the blood gas parameters after treatment with SID₁₀₀ and SID₁₇₀. SID₂₃₀ treatment also resulted in blood gas parameter changes that were significantly different to the other two groups. These results suggest that the optimum SID concentration for the treatment of calves with diarrhea is likely to be higher than current recommendations.     

两种防冻液对胎里红枣枝条抗冻性的影响

为了解两种防冻液的使用效果,测定了不同浓度的两种防冻液处理的胎里红枣树枝条分别在﹣16℃、﹣21℃、﹣26℃的低温条件下处理12h的电解质渗出率变化情况。结果表明标典化工生产的防冻液处理的枝条在-21℃时电解质渗出率＜50%,而对照则＞50%,说明该防冻液具有一定的防冻效果,能使处理过的胎里红枣枝条比没处理的枝条所耐受的临界低温降低4～5℃;而自制防冻液处理的枝条电解质渗出率和对照之间无明显差别,说明其起不到防冻效果。     

Influence of varying dietary electrolyte balance on broiler performance under tropical summer conditions

A 6‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of varying dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance and physiological responses in broiler chicks reared during hot summer months (26.1–37.5 °C). The average minimum and maximum room temperatures recorded from 14 to 42 days of age were 26.1 and 37.5 °C, respectively, with relative humidity ranging from 51% to 55%. Five DEB treatments supplying 0, 50, 150, 250 and 350 (Na⁺+K⁺–Cl^?) mEq/kg of diet were prepared by adding NaHCO₃ and/or NH₄Cl to basal diet that contained 185 mEq/kg from 1 to 28 days and 172 mEq/kg from 29 to 42 days. These DEB diets were randomly offered to six experimental units of 20 chicks each. Improved 42‐day body weight gain (BWG), feed:gain (F:G) and reduced mortality was noted with DEB 50, 150 and 250 mEq/kg compared to DEB 0 and 350 mEq/kg. A quadratic effect of increasing DEB level was observed on BWG and F:G, whereas the effect was linear for feed intake, water intake and litter moisture. The DEB 50, 150 and 250 maintained better blood pH, pCO₂ and HCO₃ concentrations during acute heat stress periods than that of 0 and 350. The blood heterophil and lymphocyte percent as well as heterophil:lymphocyte were remained unaffected. The lowest DEB (0 mEq/kg) diet reduced the feed intake and promoted metabolic acidosis. At 350 mEq/kg DEB, water intake and metabolic alkalosis were promoted probably due to high levels of dietary NaHCO₃. The study concluded that overall better performance was recorded with DEB 50, 150 and 250 mEq/kg. These results indicated that single optimal DEB value could not be recommended to combat heat stress in broilers.     

松针褐斑病菌毒素诱发紫茎泽兰矿质元素渗漏的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定了松针褐斑病菌毒素胁迫紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum后,叶片及渗漏液中7种矿质元素含量变化。结果表明,毒素胁迫离体叶片和植株后,Ca和K元素含量分别减少65.9%、59.5%和32.9%、53.9%,其他矿质元素Mg、P、Mn、Zn在叶片中的含量有不同程度增加。渗漏液中Ca、K、Fe元素含量较毒素粗提液中含量增加,以Ca元素含量增加最多（近30倍）,Mg、P、Mn、Zn元素含量减少。     

美系獭兔血液生理生化指标测定

为了给獭兔的饲养管理、品种选育、肉质研究和临床诊疗提供依据,选择美系獭兔20只(雌雄各半),比利时兔10只(雌雄各半),对其血液生理生化指标进行了测定.结果表明:美系獭兔血液指标中的血小板数目、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰转肽酶、钾离子和钙离子的含量分别为292.4×109·L-1、379.0 g·L-1...     

低温胁迫对扁桃休眠枝条电解质渗出率的影响

[目的]研究低温胁迫对扁桃休眠枝条冻害的影响,比较不同品种的抗寒性.[方法]以新疆4个主栽扁桃品种为材料,通过人工低温处理休眠枝条,测定枝条组织电解质渗出率.[结果]各温度处理区间不同时间处理后电解质渗出率的平均值总体趋势是由低至高;在持续时间上进行比较,12 h达到了极显著水平;4个品种之间比较,双果和小软壳均达到了极显著水平.[结论]在相同低温不同持续时间的处理下,随着低温时间持续,电解质渗出率整体表现为随着时间的延长逐渐升高然后降低的趋势;在不同低温及不同持续时间处理下,被测试的4个品种随着温度的降低,扁桃休眠枝条对低温所能忍受的持续时间则会缩短;4个品种抗寒力强弱的顺序为:双果、纸皮、寒丰、小软壳.     

国家科技支撑计划谷子课题管理实践与思考

国家科技支撑计划课题是由原国家科技攻关课题演变而来。通过对国家科技支撑计划谷子课题的管理工作的系统总结,探讨了课题管理中存在的问题和课题实施的成效,提出了今后我国谷子科技发展的几个重点问题,为今后该类课题的管理提供借鉴。     

能源电池季膦化聚砜电解质成膜及其性质研究

选取新型季膦化试剂三（2,4,6-三甲氧基苯基）磷（TPQPOH）代替传统的季铵化试剂以引入阴离子基团,以聚砜为基材制备了季膦化阴离子导电膜材料,离子交换量最高达0．97mmol／g。对该材料的成膜条件研究表明选取1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮为合成季膦化聚砜的溶剂,30℃N：氛围烘膜,选用聚四氟乙烯材质表面皿能得到完整、状态良好的季膦化聚砜膜。     

离子强度和三氧化物对土壤吸附Bt毒素的影响

Chemical reactions and fate of the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) in the soil environment are causing increasing concerns due to the large-scale cultivation of transgenic Bt plants.In this study,the effect of ionic strength(0-1 000 mmol kg 1) adjusted by NaCl or CaCl 2 on adsorption of Bt toxin by a lateritic red soil,a paddy soil and these soils after chemical removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides,as well as by pure minerals(goethite,hematite and gibbsite) which are widespread in these soils,were studied.The results indicated that when the supporting electrolyte was NaCl,the adsorption of Bt toxin by the lateritic red soil and paddy soil increased rapidly until the ionic strength reached 250 mmol kg 1 and then gradually slowed down with the increase of ionic strength;while in case the supporting electrolyte was CaCl 2,the adsorption of Bt toxin enhanced significantly at low ionic strength(< 10 mmol kg 1) and then decreased as the ionic strength increased.The adsorption of Bt toxin by the tested minerals and soils after the removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides also increased with increasing ionic strength controlled by NaCl.Removing organic-bound Fe and Al oxides obviously increased the adsorption of Bt toxin in the tested soils.Differently,removing free Fe and Al oxides increased the Bt adsorption by the paddy soil,but decreased the adsorption by the lateritic red soil.The study indicated that the varieties of ionic strength and the presence of Fe and Al oxides affected the adsorption of Bt toxin by the soils,which would contribute to the further understanding of the fate of Bt toxin in the soil environment and provide references for the ecological risk assessment of transgenic Bt plants.