皂荚(属)研究进展及产业化发展前景*

综述了国内外皂荚(属)主要研究进展,包括引种栽培、种实、刺特征与成份、抗逆性、药用价值、生态经济价值、食品及其它工业的开发应用、繁殖技术、遗传学研究等方面。从皂荚(属)资源保护、评价与合理利用及产业化发展的角度,提出开展种源试验与选择、繁殖技术研究,建立良种选育机制和种质资源保存机制,完善加工型企业,从而促进社会经济增长等产业化发展对策。     

国外优良材用竹种阿帕斯竹引种栽培试验

阿帕斯竹出笋期5月中旬～10月中旬,7月上旬～8月中旬为出笋盛期;单株埋秆育苗的出笋数、成竹数分别是单株埋蔸育苗的3.9倍、3.8倍,而新竹径级较埋蔸的下降43.5%,两种育苗方法可结合应用;竹丛结构调控可显著提高竹丛出笋数(21.9%)和新竹地径(84.1%),退笋率降低36.9%;综合出笋成竹数、新竹地径的季节性施肥效果,以6月最佳,其次为3月。     

Rooting ability of Leucaena leucocephala stem cuttings

Single-node leafy and leafless cuttings harvested from one-year-old, 1.3 to 1.5 m tall Leucaena leucocephala seedlings were successfully rooted in a non-mist propagator which is suitable for use in the rural tropics. Cuttings with a leaf attached rooted more successfully than those without a leaf (71% and 39% respectively) and clones differed significantly (43% to 71%). There was also a clear pattern in rooting ability of cuttings collected sequentially down the main stem. Cuttings rooted most successfully when taken from node five to 13, counting from the apex; this was the region where internodes were longest (64 to 109 mm) of moderate diameter (2.9 to 5.5 mm) and all cuttings had a leaf attached. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adventitious rooting in shoot cuttings of Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata

Adventitious rooting in shoot cuttings of neem (Azadirachta indica) and karanj (Pongamia pinnata) was investigated in different seasons. The influence of auxins and B-vitamins (neem only) was evaluated. Maximum rhizogenesis coincided with the emergence of new sprouts i.e. February (neem) and March (karanj). Considering both rooting percentage and root biomass, IBA was the most effective auxin tested. Compared to auxin free controls, IBA (1000 ppm in neem and 800 ppm in karanj) significantly increased adventitious rooting percentage (80 to 100 % respectively), the numbers of roots and root biomass for both species. In neem, B-vitamin treatment yielded 40–50% rooting for cuttings. This was significantly greater than rooting for controls but equivalent to IAA treatments. In neem, some of the cuttings treated with 2000–3000 ppm IBA had well developed root systems without any sprouts. In karanj, all auxin treatments promoted sprouting. The level of total soluble sugars in the rooting zone of neem and karanj was higher in non-rooted than rooted cuttings.     

粗梗水蕨研究进展

在调查和查阅文献的基础上,对粗梗水蕨研究现状进行了综述,现有粗梗水蕨的形态学、繁殖方法研究取得了较大进展。从湿地恢复与保护角度提出粗梗水蕨的分布特征、伴生植物及其种间关系、栽培与利用技术、降解污染与净化水质作用等是未来的研究方向。     

寿竹埋鞭育苗繁殖试验

寿竹因其竹秆、笋、箨壳的经济价值极高,具有广阔的产业化开发前景。但是,由于寿竹开花不结实,竹秆节部无休眠芽(隐芽)和根点,大面积造林一直受制于种苗短缺的难题。从育苗时间、竹鞭鞭龄、覆盖措施、激素处理等方面试验研究了寿竹埋鞭育苗繁殖技术,结果表明:3月上旬埋鞭育苗效果最好,成苗株数和成苗率与其它育苗时段有显著差异;2年生、3年生竹鞭的育苗效果明显好于1年生的竹鞭,尤以2年生竹鞭最好;小拱棚覆盖较不覆盖提前发笋出苗12d,与其它3种覆盖措施的效果有显著差异,成苗率达77.9%,而其它3种覆盖处理的效果无明显差异;100×10-6ABT2号生根粉处理效果最好,成苗数较清水处理提高100%以上。     

秦岭北坡华中五味子繁殖技术研究

华中五味子果实是与北五味子齐名的中药材,鲜果又是独特的保健水果。通过4年研究,掌握了有性繁殖技术,出苗率可达92.4%以上,嫁接成活率95%以上。     

金线莲扦插繁殖试验初报

通过金线莲繁殖试验,在西双版纳雨季,扦插基物以陶粒+河沙比陶粒+腐殖土好,带叶的比不带叶好;旱季,陶粒+甘蔗渣比陶粒好,无叶苗成活率高;大苗比小苗成活率高。     

几种公路绿化树种的扦插繁殖

根据多年的试验实践，总结出适合于公路绿化的６种乔灌木意杨、银杏、金叶千头柏、蜀桧栀子花和红叶小蘖，并介绍了这些树种的生长特性以及最适宜的扦插繁殖技木，将对今后的公路绿化有一定参考价值。     

林下珍稀药用植物蛇足石杉繁殖的研究进展

蛇足石杉系石杉科石杉属多年生草本植物,内含石杉碱甲,为乙酰胆碱脂酶的有效抑制剂,是治疗阿尔茨海默病症的特效药。随着世界人口老龄化的加速,蛇足石杉的需求量不断增加,然而蛇足石杉是古老的蕨类植物,其野生资源极其匮乏,而其繁殖却极其困难,为给蛇足石杉快速繁殖体系的研究与建立提供参考依据,文中综述了有关蛇足石杉的组织培养、孢子诱导、扦插繁殖、芽胞繁殖等方面的研究进展,并对其人工快速繁殖研究的新方向进行了展望。