乙烯利对宿根蔗生理生化特性和农艺性状的影响

桂糖17号和新台糖22号新植蔗分蘖初期，用100mg／L乙烯利喷施叶面，促进了宿根蔗出苗并提高了苗期的叶绿素含量。继续用100mg／L乙烯利分别在宿根蔗苗期、伸长盛期喷施叶面，结果显示：苗期喷施乙烯利促进了宿根蔗的生长，改善了宿根蔗的经济性状，增加了甘蔗产量；两个时期处理都提高了宿根蔗的有效茎数、成茎率和甘蔗品质，但伸长盛期喷施乙烯利，甘蔗的茎长、茎径、单茎重比对照低。在相对干旱时期，乙烯利处理的叶片相对含水量、束缚水／自由水比值都高于对照，而丙二醛含量、组织浸提液可溶性糖含量、电导率都低于对照，说明乙烯利处理提高了宿根蔗的抗旱性。     

桃果皮毛、果肉颜色对果实糖与酸含量的影响及相关性研究

 对山桃和栽培桃品种杂交后代 10 7个个体 (分成 2 2个毛桃和 85个油桃 ,或 75个白肉桃和 3 2个黄肉桃 )的果实糖酸含量遗传规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,桃果实中的可溶性糖和酸主要是蔗糖和苹果酸 ,分别占总可溶性糖的 65%左右和总酸含量的 50 %。油桃各基因型的蔗糖、果糖、山梨糖醇、总糖、可溶性固形物及奎宁酸平均含量均显著高于毛桃 ,而毛桃和油桃基因型之间的苹果酸、柠檬酸、总酸平均含量及糖酸比没有显著差异。所有毛桃和油桃基因型的莽草酸含量都很低 ,为 0 .0 11～ 0 .0 46meq·10 0g- 1FW。果实内葡萄糖和果糖含量呈正相关 (r =0 .63 ) ,蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖分别与山梨糖醇呈显著或极显著直线正相关 ,且苹果酸与蔗糖、山梨糖醇、总糖和可溶性固形物呈显著正相关。毛桃的平均单果重显著大于油桃 ,且可溶性固形物和总酸含量与果实的大小呈显著直线负相关。此外 ,盛花后果实发育天数影响果实内糖酸含量     

活性乳酸菌饮料中发酵乳酸度与柠檬酸用量关系的研究

为了研究活性乳酸菌饮料中发酵乳酸度与柠檬酸用量的关系,本实验首先对影响口味的各因素(糖量、柠檬酸量、发酵乳酸度)最适范围进行了确定,然后通过三因素三水平选出最佳配比,最后以最佳配比的酸度为标准,在加糖量为5.5%时,测得了不同发酵乳酸度下所需柠檬酸的量。结果表明:发酵乳酸度与柠檬酸用量可以作出一条线形曲线。     

糖能兼用甘蔗新品系宿根季评价

对近年选育的12个参试品系进行了产量、品质及其主要工农艺性状研究,结果表明：FN02-3924、FN02-5707和FN02-20169表现早熟、高产、高糖,且工农艺综合性状优良,推荐进一步试验研究,可望选育成为糖能兼用甘蔗新品种;FN02-6427也具有早熟、高产、高糖和茎粗等优点,但较早开花,有一定的推广价值,宜较早收获。早期锤度研究表明,FN02-3924特早熟高糖,作能源甘蔗可提早2个多月开榨,具有广阔的应用前景。     

砖红壤施用中量、微量元素对甘蔗产量与糖分的效应

在雷州半岛玄武岩发育的种植甘蔗砖红壤上施用Ca、Mg、B、Mo、Fe、Cu、Zn肥料，探究这些中量与微量元素对甘蔗的产量与糖分的效应。结果表明：Ca、Mg、B、Mo肥对甘蔗有显著增产效应，而Fe肥具有显著减产效应。B、Mo、Fe、Cu肥能显著提高甘蔗含糖量，而Mg肥具有降低甘蔗糖分的效应。Ca、B、Mo3种肥料相互配施的增产或增糖效果均不优于单施的效果。从对甘蔗产量和含糖量综合效果看，甘蔗施用B、Mo、Ca肥分别能产生显著经济效益。因此，在玄武岩发育砖红壤上种植甘蔗，建议施用Mo、B、Ca肥。     

Soil dynamics of the origination of soil tare during sugar beet lifting

High soil tare of sugar beet on wet clay soil after uprooting with share lifters is usually attributed to the fact that the soil becomes sticky due to mechanical impact during uprooting. Results of field experiments have shown good potential for obtaining low soil tare of sugar beet on wet clay soil by beet extraction with a high average vertical acceleration and a spiral extraction path with a small pitch. The objective of this research was to provide models for soil–beet–lifter systems used in these experiments, and to simulate some of the observed effects of the uprooting method on soil tare and soil adherence. As the rootlet system plays an important role in the origination of soil tare, the rootlet system was also modelled. A constitutive soil model, assuming elastic–perfectly-plastic soil behaviour, was used as a basis for modelling soil–beet–lifter system variants, including beet with and without rootlets, uprooting by extraction, rotation and extrusion, and uprooting with low and high vertical acceleration. The origination of soil tare is presented on the basis of the calculated zone of initial soil failure during extraction. Expected soil adherence is discussed in relation to the stress state of the soil. The simulated initial soil failure and stress state of the soil agreed well with experimental results on soil tare and soil adherence.     

河套地区甜菜含糖与相关因素的调查

调查结果表明,甜菜收获前割擗叶子、过量施氮肥和低密度种植是影响河套地区甜菜糖分的主要因素,可降低含糖3.0～4.0锤度;其次是提前收获,可降低含糖约2.0锤度。该区有利于提高甜菜含糖的适宜保苗密度为6.7～7.5万株/hm2,种肥适宜用量为:氮30～75kg/hm2,磷60～120kg/hm2,钾22.5kg/hm2;追肥适宜用量为:氮120～180kg/hm2,磷45kg/hm2,钾60kg/hm2。同时要注意选用优良品种,它是影响甜菜含糖的内在因素。     

甜菜根际磷酸酶分泌特性的研究

甜莱根际磷酸酶的分泌特性是其根际土壤中有机磷有效性的决定性因子。采用液体培养和改进的Kuchenbuch微型盒土培法。对甜莱根际磷酸酶的分泌情况进行了较详细的研究。结果表明：(1)甜莱对有机磷的吸收是以有机磷的分解转化为前提，不同基因型的甜莱根际产生磷酶的种类、分布范围及分泌总量存在明显差异。并表现在对有机磷胁迫的抗耐能力方面的差别。某些基因型对有机磷表现出极强的分解、吸收和适应能力；(2)甜莱根系可分泌出多种磷酸酶。其中绝大多数品种以酸性磷酸酶为主。其次是中性磷酸酶．而碱性磷酸酶几乎没有；(3)甜莱各品种(系)根际磷酸酶的分布均表现出从根表向根际以外逐渐由高到低的特点。当达到一定点趋于一个恒定的值，符合方程y=yo ae^(-bx)的分布规律。     

Studies on some characteristics of nitrate reductase from sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）leaves

Some characteristics of nitrate reductase from sugar beet leaves shown in this paper were as follows:The nitrate reductase from sugar beet leaves required NADH as an electron donor.Accordingly,the nitrate reductase was classified as NADH-dependent(E.C.1.6.61).The Km value of the nitrate reductase for NADH and NO3^- were 0.86m mol and 0.18μ mol respectively.The optimum pH in reaction mixture solution for nitrate reduction activity was 7.5.The effect of variable concentrations of inorganic phosphorus in the reaction buffer on nitrate reductase activity was investigated.When the inorganic phosphorus concentration was below 35m mol,the nitrate reductase activity was increased with increase of inorganic phosphorus concentration.Conversely,when the inorganic phosphorus concentration was over 35m mol,the nitrate reductase activity was inhibited.The nitrate reductase activity assayed in vitro was 3.2 and 5.6times of that assayed in vivo under the condition of exogenous and endogenous ground substance respectively.     

葡萄糖蔗糖乳精对促进发酵豆乳产酸量的影响

应用嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌的混合菌种发酵豆乳．当添加葡萄糖、乳糖和蔗糖时可以促进豆乳发酵速度．增加产酸量。豆乳中葡萄糖浓度在０．４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ－１乳糖和蔗糖浓度在０２ｍｏｌＬ－１时，豆乳发酵产酸明显；而且葡萄糖和乳糖的产酸量高于蔗糖。