Rapid Mining of Novel α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Streptomyces sp. HO1518 Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

A rapid and sensitive method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied for the analysis of the metabolic profile of acarviostatin-containing aminooligosaccharides derived from Streptomyces sp. HO1518. A total of ninety-eight aminooligosaccharides, including eighty potential new compounds, were detected mainly based on the characteristic fragment ions originating from quinovosidic bond cleavages in their molecules. Following an LC-MS-guided separation technique, seven new aminooligosaccharides (10–16) along with four known related compounds (17–20) were obtained directly from the crude extract of strain HO1518. Compounds 10–13 represent the first examples of aminooligosaccharides with a rare acarviostatin II02-type structure. In addition, all isolates displayed considerable inhibitory effects on three digestive enzymes, which revealed that the number of the pseudo-trisaccharide core(s), the feasible length of the oligosaccharides, and acyl side chain exerted a crucial influence on their bioactivities. These results demonstrated that the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach could be applied for the rapid identification of aminooligosaccharides and other similar structures in complex samples. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of acylated aminooligosaccharides with conspicuous α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition for the future development of multi-target anti-diabetic drugs.     

印度Leh地区沙棘籽油中脂肪酸测定

本文分析了印度Leh地区沙棘籽油中脂肪酸各成分的含量,结果显示沙棘种子含油量为17.61%,籽油富含油酸(23.012%)和亚油酸(30.162%).     

玉米茎腐病拮抗放线菌的筛选及抑菌促生活性鉴定

以禾谷镰孢菌为靶标,采用稀释培养法和平板对峙法从采集的玉米连作土壤中分离筛选出具有拮抗活性的放线菌菌株,选取1株拮抗效果最佳的菌株进行形态学、生理生化特征和系统发育分析,并对其进行抑菌活性试验,挖掘对玉米茎腐病致病菌-禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)有较高拮抗效果的根际促生菌资源。结果表明,玉米连作土壤中分离得到5株禾谷镰孢菌拮抗菌株,其中菌株G1为高效拮抗菌株。经形态学、生理生化结合16S rDNA将菌株鉴定为公牛链霉菌(Streptomyces tauricus)。拮抗菌株G1发酵液对禾谷镰孢的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用,具有分泌吲哚乙酸和异羟肟酸型铁载体的能力。公牛链霉菌G1在由禾谷镰孢病菌引起的玉米茎腐病防治中具有良好的应用开发潜力。     

Microbial remediation of a pentachloronitrobenzene-contaminated soil under Panax notoginseng: A field experiment

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings. Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many organic pesticides and pesticide residues. A short-term field experiment (1 year) was conducted to explore the potential role of a PCNB-degrading bacterial isolate, Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85, in the remediation of a PCNB-contaminated soil on which Panax notoginseng was grown. The following three treatments were used:i) control soil amended with wheat bran but without YNS-85, ii) soil with 0.15 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (A), and iii) soil with 0.30 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (B). The removal of soil PCNB during the microbial remediation was monitored using gas chromatography. Soil catalase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) esterase activities were determined using spectrophotometry. In addition, cultivable bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were counted by plating serial dilutions, and the microbial biodiversity of the soil was analyzed using BIOLOG. After 1 year of in-situ remediation, the soil PCNB concentrations decreased significantly by 50.3% and 74.2% in treatments A and B, respectively, when compared with the uninoculated control. The soil catalase activity decreased in the presence of the bacterial isolate, the FDA esterase activity decreased in treatment A, but increased in treatment B. No significant changes in plant biomass, diversity of the soil microbial community, or physicochemical properties of the soil were observed between the control and inoculated groups (P<0.05). The results indicate that Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85 is a potential candidate for the remediation of PCNB-contaminated soils under P. notoginseng.     

乙草胺降解菌Y-4的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从长期经乙草胺污染的污泥中分离到一株能以乙草胺为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株Y-4,通过生理生化实验和16S rDNA同源性序列分析,鉴定为申氏杆菌属（Shinella sp.）。采用室内培养方法,研究了Y-4对乙草胺的降解特性。结果表明,Y-4能有效地降解浓度为5～200 mg.L-1的乙草胺,在48 h内对50 mg.L-1乙草胺的降解率达到83.3%。菌株Y-4降解乙草胺的最适pH值为8.0,最适温度为30℃,其对丙草胺和丁草胺等农药也有良好的降解效果。     

普施特降解菌Bacillus sp.zx2和zx7生长及降解特性

芽孢杆菌zx2和zx7是普施特高效降解菌,研究其生长和降解特性旨在为普施特污染土壤的生物修复提供科学依据。采用瓶培养法,对芽孢杆菌zx2和zx7的生长特性及单菌和复合菌对普施特的降解特性进行了研究。结果表明,zx2和zx7均可在普施特初始浓度≤200mg·L-1的无机盐培养液中生长良好,zx2在温度25～35℃和pH4.0～7.0时生长良好,而zx7适宜在温度30～35℃和pH5.0～8.0时生长,可见在适应性上二者互补。在最佳条件（温度32℃、pH6.0和普施特初始浓度为200mg·L-1）下,zx2和zx7在无机盐培养液中对普施特降解动态均符合阻滞动力学,半衰期分别为3.8d和2.8d,培养6d时普施特降解率分别为85.81%和90.27%。在培养过程中,zx2的pH是降低的,而zx7的pH基本不变,可初步表明二者降解机理不同;zx2和zx7复合菌（1∶1）对普施特降解率比单菌低,为82.70%,这可能是因为zx2或zx7降解普施特的过程中利用了对方产生的降解产物。     

铅锌尾矿中砷代谢功能基因的多样性

Microbial activities impact arsenic (As) transformation in mine tailings substantially,yet little is understood on the functional diversity of As metabolism genes.This study explored this issue using a metagenomic approach coupled by a local BLASTN procedure established in our recent studies.An assembled metagenome,recovered from hypersaline and sulfidic mine tailings,was screened for As metabolism genes aioA,arrA,arsC and arsM.This was done using a local BLASTN procedure against databases of the As metabolism genes built in this study.Putative As metabolism genes detected in the assembled metagenome included 11 arsM,20 arsC and 1 arrA full-length sequences.Together with the rRNA-based phylogenetic profiling results,a picture depicting microbial As cycling in the tailings to the genus level was obtained.It was found that most of the dominant genera in the tailings potentially harboured the genes for As reduction and/or methylation.In particular,a typical pyrite-eater present in the tailings,Thioalkalivibrio sp.,was found to harbour not only arsC and arsM,but also arrA.These results highlight the unexpected diversity of As metabolism genes in the tailings,especially considering the extremely low species diversity therein.The microbial As cycling picture established here has potential use for guiding the purposeful manipulation of As biogeochemistry in the tailings.     

产类黄酮链霉菌的紫外线诱变选育

诱变选育高产类黄酮链霉菌菌株,采用不同强度的紫外线对出发菌株链霉菌HNS2-2单孢子悬液诱变处理。以出发菌株作为对照,分光光度法测定诱变菌株发酵产物黄酮类物质含量为评价指标,进行反复筛选。在20 W紫外灯、辐射距离30 cm、照射20 s条件下,获得高产菌株251,其黄酮类物质产量达41.87μg/mL,比出发菌株提高15.52%,且连续7次传代稳定性能稳定。通过紫外诱变选育的方法,能提高出发菌株黄酮类物质产量。     

拮抗细菌A2菌株的鉴定及其对小麦白粉病的防治效果

为适应现代无公害农业的发展,针对小麦白粉病的防治,从保护地土壤中分离得到一株生防细菌A2。通过形态学特征、生理生化特性的观察和测定,结合16S rDNA序列分析并构建系统发育树,对菌株A2进行了初步鉴定。同时,以清水为对照,测定了菌株A2对3432品种小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果显示该菌株主要特征是菌体杆状,内生芽孢、芽孢卵圆形,革兰氏染色阳性,好氧,接触酶反应、乙酰甲基甲醇实验为阳性,能利用柠檬酸盐;该菌株与亲缘关系较近菌株B.subtilis isolate G8的同源性达99%。结合以上两点,将菌株A2初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（B. subtilis）。防效实验显示菌株A2发酵液处理最好防治效果为72.22%;无菌滤液处理最好防治效果为29.24%,与对照相比均具有显著性差异（α=0.05）。表明,拮抗菌株A2菌体与代谢产物对小麦白粉病都具有较强的防治作用,为研制型、无毒、无公害生物农药提供了依据。     

Cytogenetical studies in wheat. XVIII. Gene Yr24 for resistance to stripe rust

A new gene, Yr24, for resistance to stripe rust was transferred from a durum accession to common wheat via an amphiploid (synthetic wheat) with Aegilops tauschii. Yr24 was located in chromosome 1B by monosomic analysis. Its genetic linkage of 4 cM with Yr15 indicated its localization to the short arm.