杜松赤枯病病原菌的研究

阐述了杜松赤枯病病原菌的研究结果 ,研究表明交链孢 (Alternariasp )和茎点霉 (Phomasp )是杜松赤枯病的主要致病真菌 ;两种病原菌均喜偏酸性的条件 ,菌丝生长发育的适宜pH值是 5～ 7;菌丝生长的适宜温度是 2 0～ 30℃ ,孢子萌发的适宜温度是 15～ 2 5℃ ,2 0℃时萌发率最高 ;Al ternariasp 在相对湿度 90 %以上能较好萌发 ,Phomasp 在湿度 10 0 %时才能萌发 ,在水滴中萌发率最高 ;两种病原菌对云杉和丹东桧的嫩枝叶也有较强的致病性     

长角异鞭蚜小蜂寄生杨圆蚧的研究

本文通过对长角异鞭蚜小蜂Archenomus longicornis与杨圆蚧Quadraspidiotus gigas在发生期上具有吻合性的研究，说明了存在利用该寄生蜂防治杨圆蚧的可能性。     

Physiological Races and Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Isolated from Crisphead Lettuce in Japan

One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1, and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city. All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002     

云杉树叶象幼虫空间分布型及其抽样技术研究

为调查云杉树叶象幼虫在云杉S2-2、S2-3、S2-4苗龄型苗木上空间分布型及开展抽样技术调查研究,在云杉苗木中共设置了30块样地对该幼虫进行了调查。通过应用数理统计方法分析后得出:该幼虫有虫株率分布在云杉S2-2苗龄型苗木上呈对数函数分布趋势;在云杉S2-3、S2-4苗龄型苗木上呈指数函数分布趋势。应用聚集指标法分析得出:该幼虫空间分布型属聚集分布,并通过Iwao回归分析法和Toylor幂法则分析得出,云杉S2-2、S2-3苗龄型苗木上的幼虫个体间相互排斥;云杉S2-4苗龄型苗木上的幼虫个体间相互吸引。同时,应用Iwao的m*-m关系和序贯抽样方法,确定出了该幼虫的理论抽样数及抽样上限值和下限值。     

几种拮抗菌对杨树烂皮病菌的影响

Trichoderma3个菌株及Chaetomium sp.与杨树烂皮病菌(Cytospora chrysosperma)的对峙培养试验的结果表明:试验中采用的Trichoderma viride1,Trichoderma viride2,Trichoderma harzianum及Chaetomium sp.对杨树烂皮病菌都有一定的抑制效果,其中Trichoderma viride1对病原菌的相对抑制效果最好,且其相对抑制效果随着时间的增加而增长,在74h时达到最高,抑制率可达到64.55%;其相对抑制效果也达到最大,为11.49;其它3个菌株的相对抑制效果在对峙培养74 h时也达到最大,介于1.77~4.15之间。     

Effects of fire retardant application on heathland surface-dwelling ant species (Order Hymenoptera; Family Formicidae) in Victoria,Australia

The effects of fire retardant application at varying rates on surface-dwelling ants in heathland communities were assessed over a 1-year period from March 2001 to March 2002. The study was conducted at two sites, one in East Gippsland at Marlo and the other in the Grampians region of south-west Victoria where a total across both sites of 6407 specimens representing 18 ant species contained in 5400 pitfall trap samples were collected. It was concluded that despite retardant application, no significant effect was observed within the major ant species Rhytidoponera metallica (Smith) and Pheidole sp. at both sites. These species appear to form a stable component of the heathland ant community. However, significant decreases in activity were observed for Camponotus terebrans (Lowne) at the Grampians site and Paratrechina sp. at the Marlo site. Evidence suggests that retardant application when combined with prevailing suitable climatic conditions, leads to foliage mortality, litter accumulation and weed invasion, leading to potential creation of habitat less suitable for activity of these species. When assessed in terms of taxon richness and community evenness, ant species were unaffected at the Grampians, while at Marlo, community evenness was affected due to the smaller number of individuals collected in the medium retardant treatment. When assessed by their functional groupings, the Subordinate Camponotini showed significantly reduced activity on the retardant treated sites at the Grampians directly as a result of C. terebrans activity. Further study is required to determine the combined effects of fire and retardant on ant species, as well as any longer-term effects past 1 year.     

红脂大小蠹及油松挥发物对捕食性天敌寄主选择行为的影响

利用树木解剖及昆虫饲养选择的方法调查红脂大小蠹的捕食性天敌,发现一种鞘翅目颚甲科的昆虫为红脂大小蠹的天敌.利用Y-型嗅觉仪进一步研究发现健康油松挥发物、虫害油松挥发物及虫粪挥发物对该天敌昆虫都有显著的引诱作用,尤其对虫害油松挥发物趋向行为更强烈.该天敌昆虫在栖境定位和寄主选择过程中所利用的挥发物主要来自上述3类挥发物.4种单萜烯化合物对此种天敌昆虫的室内引诱实验发现,(S)-( )-3-蒈烯对天敌的引诱作用较为强烈.     

米老排瘿螨病害的发生规律及其防治的初步研究

米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)为广西地区颇受群众欢迎的乡土树种,60年代试种以来表现出优良、速生的造林特性,目前已发展至两万亩左右。70—80年代初期,广西大青山地区营造的米老排幼林瘿螨危害严重,面积达1500亩,占造林面积的80％,发病株率高达100％,病叶率达50—67.7％,感病指数达77。弓明钦(1981)曾首次以“球毡病”的名称作了报道,以后的其它调查也表明,广西中部、西部甚至北部某些地区也有发生,个别地方同样十分严重。     

Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae of H. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome of A. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. tordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, Adosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.     

油桐根腐病病原菌的研究

油桐根腐病是油桐林的一种毁灭性病害。形态学和培养性状研究表明,致病菌为腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.)。将该菌与国内供试8个腐皮镰孢专化型菌株比较可看出,菌落生长较快,大型分生孢子短而粗,是一种短粗类型。其次,人工接种试验得知,此菌不侵染6科7属7种供试的专化型寄主植物;又经8个专化型菌株接种油桐试验,也不发生侵染关系。此菌仅侵害大戟科油桐属的油桐,是一种专化性病菌。再次,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析表明,此菌与供试菌株的脂酶同工酶的谱带特征和相对迁移率均有明显的差异。由此,将油桐根腐病鉴定为腐皮镰孢一新的专化型,命名为油桐腐皮镰抱(Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp.aleuritidis Chen et Xiao f.sp.nov.)