Effect of combined water and nutrient management on runoff and sorghum yield in semiarid Burkina Faso

Abstract. In the semiarid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, fertilizer recovery and nutrient release from organic sources are often moisture limited. Moreover, in these regions runoff brings about large nutrient losses from fertilizer or organic inputs. This study was conducted in the north sudanian climate zone of Burkina Faso (annual rainfall 800 mm, PET 2000 mm yr⁻¹). We assessed the combined and interactive effects of two types of permeable barriers (stone rows and grass strips of Andropogon gayanus Kunth cv. Bisquamulatus (Hochst.) Hack .) and organic or mineral sources of nitrogen on erosion control and sorghum yield. The field experiment (Ferric Lixisol, 1.5% slope) was carried out during three rainy seasons and consisted of 2 replications of 9 treatments, in which the barriers were put along contours and combined with compost, manure and fertilizer nitrogen (N). Compared with the control plots, the average reduction in runoff was 59% in plots with barriers alone, but reached 67% in plots with barriers + mineral N and 84% in plots with barriers + organic N. On average, stone rows reduced soil erosion more than grass strips (66% versus 51%). Stone rows or grass strips without N input did not induce a significant increase of sorghum production. Supplying compost or manure in combination with stone rows or grass strips increased sorghum grain yield by about 142%, compared with a 65% increase due to mineral fertilizers. The sorghum grain yields at 1 m upslope from the grass strips were less than those 17 m from the grass strips. As stones do not compete with plants, the opposite trend was observed with stone rows. We conclude that for these nutrient depleted soils, permeable barriers improve nutrient use efficiency and therefore crop production. However, grass strips must be managed to alleviate shade and other negative effects of the bunds on adjacent crops.     

高速公路填石路堤设计与施工方法探讨

本文针对填石路提不同与土质路堤或土石混填路堤的具体特点，对填石路堤的具体要求、施工工艺、质量控制等方面提出了明确具体的规定。     

Creating New Germplasm by Distant Hybridization in Stone Fruits:Ⅰ.Effects of Different Treatments on Cross Compatibility of Distant Hybridization in Stone Fruits

The effects of different treatments on cross compatibility in distant hybridization were studied in 69 cross combinations among 9 cultivars of stone fruits. The results showed that the setting percentage in balloon stage was obviously higher than that in early blooming stage. The differences of fruit set between positive and reverse crosses were significant. Female parent affected cross compatibility more remarkably than male parent in distant hybridization. The appropriate electrostatic field, He-Ne laser combined treatment with 60Co γ -ray and He-Ne laser could improve the pollen germination rate in vitro effectively, the fruit set percentage was higher than control, while 60Co γ -ray treatment reduced the pollen germination rate in vitro, and the fruit set percentage obtained by distant hybridization was lower than control.     

“石竹”的种类识别、经济用途和地理分布

介绍了各种“石竹”的形态特征、经济用途和分布,为各种“石竹”竹种的鉴别和引种推广提供参考。     

福建林区公路软基的抛石挤淤处理

本文以大量地质钻探资料筛选分析确定的典型地质路段为基础,就抛石挤淤处理的理论计算问题进行了探讨。实地观测证明,这种理论计算方法,是切合实际的。     

石林长湖风景区植物景观规划

石林长湖风景区是石林世界地质公园规划范围内的7大景区之一，虽有良好的自然植被和景观，但因无科学合理的景观规划，影响了其旅游的价值。通过对景区现有植被及景观资源的调查，因地制宜地对入口、滨水景观、野营活动及集会广场等功能分区的植物景观作了规划和配置。不但维护了原有生态和景观，更突出了其自身的特色和主题，使景区旅游价值得到提升。     

Use of megagametophyte storage proteins as markers of the genetic diversity in stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Andalucia, Spain

Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) is a Mediterranean species of interest for the traditional use of his edible kernel. Its area of distribution includes all the Mediterranean area, including the Iberian Peninsula where this tree presents the most extensive natural stands. Since land reforestation has become a high-priority of European policy, there is an increased interest in the characterisation of the germplasm of this species. In this study, the globulins from the megagametophyte were used for analysis of the variability and genetic diversity in 20 populations from Andalucia. Because of the complex profile, these proteins were analysed as blocks, corresponding each to a different range of molecular weight. Polymorphisms were observed in each of the five blocks. The diversity data showed that these populations present a high degree of variation, which suggest that this technic could be useful to analyse of the genetic diversity in this species.     

从出版单元和制版印刷方式来探讨国内的期刊版本类型

期刊版本按出版先后可分为初版本和再版本;按出版单元,可分为单期本和合订本;按出版印刷方式,可分为雕版本、石印本、铜锌版本等。文章从出版先后、出版单元及制版印刷方式来探讨不同类型的期刊版本,以期有助于认识同一类型版本的共同特征。     

浆砌石护坡在阜康市四工河治理中的应用及效果

阜康市四工河河道两岸多年遭受洪水的严重侵蚀破坏,直接危及到了下游引水干渠、耕地和村庄的安全。2010年对该段河道进行了综合整治,险工治理主要采取护岸及河道裁弯取直及护坡等工程措施。经水文计算结果和对实地情况进行分析,决定护岸工程主要采用浆砌石导流堤进行平顺护岸,其中浆砌石护坡是工程设计中的主要内容。该工程当年年底竣工。经过近一年的运行,整治效果明显,根治了水患,取得了明显的防洪效益,验证了工程设计的合理性。