栽野稻远缘杂交高光效后代及其亲本叶片的气孔特性

为分析远缘杂交后代材料的高光效生理基础, 测定了从热带地区筛选出的杂交高光效后代材料SHP1(F2)、 SHP1-1-6(F3)、 SHP1-2-8(F3)及其亲本Azucena(O.sativa)与普通野生稻(O.rufipogon), 以及3个对照品种(O.sativa)的光合速率和气孔特性, 分析了光合速率与气孔导度和气孔结构的关系. 结果表明3个高光效后代材料的光合速率和气     

渥丹百合多倍体气孔性状的调查研究

用秋水仙素处理二倍体渥丹百合得到四倍体,对渥丹四倍体、二倍体及对照气孔进行观察.3个加倍的四倍体渥丹百合株系的气孔长度分别为51.25、56.50和54.26/μm,对照的气孔长度为37.42 μm,经秋水仙处理未加倍的二倍体株系气孔长度与对照接近,为38.75 μm.四倍体百合株系的气孔长度明显长于二倍体,从气孔密度看,加倍的四倍体渥丹各株系均明显低于二倍体,平均为10个/mm2,而二倍体渥丹及未加倍株系的气孔密度分别为17.1个/mm2和17.9个/mm2.气孔的大小和密度可以作为鉴别渥丹百合多倍体的显著区别性状.同时四倍体渥丹的保卫细胞也较二倍体有显著增大.     

柑橘气孔性状及开张度日变化规律研究

[目的]为柑橘冬季管理提供理论依据。[方法]以尾张温州蜜柑（Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Owari）和琯溪蜜柚[C. grandis（L.） Osbeck. cv. Guanxim iyou]为试验材料,测定了叶片不同部位气孔密度、气孔纵径和横径,观测了冬季晴天气孔开张度的日变化。[结果]在所观测的2个柑橘叶片的3个部位中,叶片中部的气孔横径、纵径和气孔密度均比其他部位的要大 琯溪蜜柚的气孔密度比尾张温州蜜柑要小 2种柑橘气孔开张度变化趋势趋于一致。[结论]冬季柑橘应加强田间管理,以保护叶片的正常生理功能。     

Influence of ventilation and sucrose on growth and leaf anatomy of micropropagated potato plantlets

Potato single nodes were cultured in vessels containing MS medium supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/l of sucrose. Vessels were closed with a clear polypropylene lid with or without 10 mm microporous polypropylene membrane. Sucrose concentration significantly increased plantlet height, shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll a content. Plantlets grown in ventilated vessels were significantly shorter, had lower shoot fresh weight and higher shoot dry weight than those in non-ventilated vessels. The highest leaf chlorophyll a content (21.83 mg/g fresh weight) was found in plantlets grown in ventilated vessels using MS medium with 20 g/l of sucrose, whereas those grown on medium with 10 g/l of sucrose had the highest chlorophyll b content (24.00 mg/g fresh weight). Total chlorophyll content was significantly higher when plantlets were grown in ventilated vessels containing medium with 10 or 30 g/l sucrose than in non-ventilated vessels. There was no significant difference in total chlorophyll content among plantlets grown in ventilated vessels with different concentrations of sucrose. Stomatal density was significantly lower when plants were grown under ventilated conditions. Leaf replica examination showed that stomata under non-ventilated condition were spherical with wide openings whereas, those in ventilated vessels were elliptical with narrow openings. Plantlets grown in non-ventilated vessels had thinner leaves and failed to build up a distinct defined upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma layer and spongy cells. On the other hand, leaves under ventilated conditions showed comparatively well organized layers with small intercellular space. The vascular system of leaves under the ventilated conditions demonstrated very well developed xylem unlike leaves under non-ventilated conditions. Thus, ventilated vessels with the 20 g/l of sucrose under ambient CO₂ in the growth room could successfully promote photomixotrophic culture and produce healthy plantlets.     

黄帚橐吾叶片气孔特征及对高寒环境的响应

为探讨黄帚橐吾（Ligularia virgaurea）对高寒环境的适应机制,对青藏高原的优势物种黄帚橐吾的叶表皮气孔特征进行观察,分析其对气候生态因子的响应。结果表明：黄帚橐吾叶片上、下表皮均分布有气孔,气孔分布无规律,随机散生排列,气孔器为无规则型,气孔密度与气孔指数相对较高。地理分异变量对黄帚橐吾叶表皮气孔长度的效应极其显著（P<0.01）。8个温度因子对黄帚橐吾叶片上、下表皮气孔长度效应极其显著（P<0.01）,ABT（年生物温度）、MTWM（最热月温）、MTGS（生长季温度）与WI（温暖指数）对上表皮气孔指数效应显著（0.01 < P < 0.05）;水分因子会影响黄帚橐吾叶片上表皮的气孔密度与气孔指数,而对下表皮气孔密度、气孔指数以及上、下表皮气孔长度无影响。黄帚橐吾叶表皮气孔特征在形态、数量及与环境关系的这些特点,反映了其对高寒极端环境的适应。     

桃树叶片气孔密度的研究

观察了桃亚属6个种139份材料的叶片气孔密度。结果表明,不同种间气孔密度有较大的差异,以扁桃的气孔密度最大,山桃最小。栽培种各类型之间气孔密度差异较小。气孔密度呈正态分布,依概率分级方法将气孔密度分为5个等级。     

(竹禾)类的初步研究与系统分类

本文主要是关于菜类的研究。菜类植株矮小,无分枝,只有一种营养叶。它的花序为真花序,有一定的开花周期。叶片的内部结构属竹类,而地下茎则属草类。在叶片表皮可见气孔器和硅质细胞,在每个维管束两侧各有一个大型梭型细胞,其宽度和厚度均此竹类的梭形细胞为大,而禾草类则无梭形细胞。此外,(竹禾)类除脉鳞(竹禾)属为高海拔(2900—5000米)分布外,其余多生长在热带和亚热带的原始森林下层,喜高温高湿的生态环境,即分布地带较为原始。上述资料表明:(竹禾)类是(竹禾)本科中最原始的植物,禾草类最为进化,而竹类居于两者之间。     

忍冬和华南忍冬叶表皮扫描电镜观察及其生态适应性研究

利用扫描电镜观察了忍冬（Lonicera jàponica Thunb）和华南忍冬（Lonicera confus）叶表皮形态特征,观察指标包括：气孔器、表皮毛、表皮细胞等.结果表明：气孔仅分布在下表皮,气孔器呈无规则型散生;上表皮细胞的垂周壁呈沟槽状下陷;下表皮密被表皮毛（包括腺状毛和非腺毛）,同时还分布有瘤状的草酸钙簇晶.为进一步证明这种瘤状结构是否为草酸钙簇晶,作者发现利用Fluo-3/AM（钙离子荧光指示剂）处理的活体叶片在激光共聚焦显微镜下能够发出强烈的荧光.此外,通过电子探针对瘤状物进行分析,发现其元素组成为C、O、Ca.上述叶表皮构造特征,有利于减少植物体水分散失,还有助于植物适应富钙的石灰土,从而适应我国西南岩溶区特殊的干旱、富钙的环境.电镜观察结果表明,在忍冬叶上表皮中脉处有呈线状分布的腺状表皮毛,而华南忍冬叶上表皮则无表皮毛分布,这一微形态特征可以作为二者种间特异性差别,从而为二者的合理区分提供一定的依据.     

干旱胁迫下罗浮槭苗期的生理和形态变化

以罗浮槭1年生幼苗为材料,测定其在不同干旱处理下的生理和形态变化,以及利用扫描电镜观察不同处理下的叶片生理指标和气孔变化,结果表明:随着处理时间的延长,株高降低;幼苗的MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性和POD活性均高于对照,前三者均在干旱处理10 d时达到最高值,POD活性在干旱处理20 d时最高,而Pro含量低于对照。MDA含量和POD活性呈先增加后减少的趋势,处理组的Pro含量和可溶性蛋白含量变化不大。此外,在干旱处理下罗浮槭的叶片蜡质增多,总气孔密度减少,气孔器的长、宽和开张度变化不明显。     

蚕豆叶片气孔对甲醛污染的反应研究

[目的]探讨植物气孔对甲醛污染的响应机制,筛选对甲醛降解能力强的室内绿化植物,利用植物对甲醛污染进行监测。[方法]采用密闭反应仓法研究蚕豆叶片气孔对不同浓度甲醛污染处理的响应。[结果]2种蚕豆幼苗叶片气孔的长度和宽度均随甲醛浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而变小。松滋青皮蚕豆品种的叶片经甲醛污染处理24 h后,虽然气孔的面积比对照减小,但差异未达显著水平(P>0.05),但是随着处理时间的延长,2种蚕豆的气孔面积与对照相比均达显著差异水平(P<0.05)。[结论]普通蚕豆叶片气孔对甲醛污染的反应比松滋青皮蚕豆叶片气孔的反应更敏感。