云南哀牢山自然保护区南华片区项目建设必要性分析

对哀牢山国家级自然保护区南华片区的生物多样性、经营现状和经营管理进行评价,对项目建设必要性分析结果:项目建设有利于该保护区的整体效应;有利于对珍稀植物物种和生态系统的保护;有利于对候鸟迁徙通道的保护;有利于社会经济的可持续发展;是加强科研和宣教工作的需要。最后阐述了项目建设的主要内容。     

浅谈混凝土结构加固方案的选择

介绍了混凝土加固的各种方法及技术特点、加固原理及其在各类混凝土结构构件加固中的机理作用,阐明在确定加固方案时应综合考虑各种因素,最终选择正确合理的加固方案至关重要。     

Stem Diameter Estimation from Aerial Photographs

Remote sensing techniques have proven successful for producing stem maps of forests in leaf-on condition from high-resolution imagery. This paper demonstrates how a mathematical model for the surface of a stem can be used to estimate the breast-height diameter of individual trees from aerial photographs to give information on basal area. The diameters are estimated by likelihood estimation from images of a forest in leaf-off condition where the stems and their shadows are visible. Applied to a homogeneous and monospecific oak ( Quercus robur L.) stand under standard silvicultural treatment in Denmark, the estimation was successful for 56 out of 60 trees. The root mean squared error on the diameter was 4.2 and 3.2 cm using three and five images, respectively. The key conclusion is that it is feasible to infer fairly accurate information about the diameters and three-dimensional positions of stems from aerial photographs.     

Basal sweep and compression wood in young Scots pine trees

This study demonstrates the correlation between stem form and compression wood content in 36 sampled trees from a 6-yr-old container grown Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation in central Sweden. Root analyses were carried out to examine causes for the high incidences of basal sweep. On the sampled trees basal sweep, stem sweep and maximum bow-height were measured. Discs were cut at different heights and the compression wood content was analysed using digital image analysis. Pith eccentricity and out-of-roundness were calculated for each disc as well as per stem. Compression wood and pith eccentricity was most pronounced near the stem base, where sweep tends to be high. In general, pith eccentricity increased with degree of basal sweep. As a conclusion, expression of basal sweep can be used to predict compression wood content in young Scots pine trees. This study also shows the importance of anchoring of a tree to prevent basal sweep formation due to instability.     

氮肥对杂交小麦果聚糖积累与转运及其杂种优势的影响

氮肥影响作物的碳氮代谢及生长发育。选用６个杂交小麦及其7个亲本材料在施氮（200 kg /hm²）和不施氮（0 kg /hm²）条件下，比较研究了不同生育期不同器官果聚糖的积累与转运及其杂种优势。无论施氮与否茎鞘和总麦草中果聚糖的积累模式基本相似。茎鞘是贮存果聚糖的主要营养器官，分配了总麦草果聚糖积累量的63%～87%，并在开花期其积累量达最大值。总麦草转运的85%以上的果聚糖来源于茎鞘，其对籽粒产量的贡献率最大（9.42%~19.36%）。氮缺乏减少叶片中果聚糖的积累量，但增加茎鞘和总麦草中果聚糖的积累量。穗轴及颖壳、茎鞘和总麦草的果聚糖积累在挑旗期、抽穗期和开花期存在一定的杂种优势（4.7%~51.7%），叶片、茎鞘和总麦草的果聚糖转运量、转运率也具有较强的杂种优势，施氮增强叶片中果聚糖的转运优势，但减弱茎鞘和总麦草中的转运优势。结果说明，杂交品种比其亲本具有更强的果聚糖转运能力，施氮对茎鞘果聚糖的积累与转运及其杂种优势均有抑制作用。     

Discussion on Calculation Pattern of Concrete Filled Steel Tube with Dumbbell shaped Section

Based on the structural feature of dumbbell shaped section of concrete filled steel tube (CFST), a combined spatial beam element is presented. In this structure, two steel tubes, two core concretes, one web and the concrete in web cavity are firstly considered as general spatial beam elements, then they are assembled into a spatial combined beam element according to the plane hypothesis and transformation matrix formed from master and slave nodes. A FORTRAN program for CFST arch with dumbbell shaped section has been developed, and the numerical example shows that the steel tubes and core concretes bear mainly the axial forces with small moments, thus, a modified formula for lattice column method to calculate axial forces of the upper and lower limbs of CFST with dumbbell shaped section is deduced. Comparison of the results from the modified formula with those from an example indicates that the modified formula gives relatively accurate results.      

杧果蒂腐病菌潜伏侵染研究

对广西大学杧果园的两个杧果品种果树及果实不同时期带菌情况的调查结果表明,开花期之前一个月就有蒂腐病菌潜伏在春梢上。从各时期组织中至少分离到10种引起杧果果实腐烂的真菌,其中Dothiorella dominicana Pet.et Cif.、 Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.、Diplodina sp.为主要病原菌,Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (P.Henn.) Sutton.、Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad 为次要病原菌,其它真菌只在一定情况下引起蒂腐病症状。D. dominicana.、B. theobromae和 P. mangiferae于开花期之前一个月潜伏侵染枝条,Diplodina sp.从幼果期侵入并潜伏至贮藏期发病,P. mangiferae从青熟果期开始潜伏侵染。     

温室内赤苞花和黄虾花叶片解剖结构及光合特性研究

为研究温室内两种爵床科植物叶片解剖结构及光合特性,本试验选取青岛世界园艺博览会植物馆内的两种爵床科植物,赤苞花(Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau)、黄虾花(Pachystachys lutea Nees)为研究对象,用石蜡包埋法对两种植物的叶片进行解剖分析,使用CIRAS-3便携式光合仪测定其光合特性。结果表明,爵床科的两种植物在相同的环境中,叶片的内部结构相似,上表皮均厚于下表皮,海绵组织均厚于栅栏组织。光合指标存在差异,赤苞花的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、细胞间CO₂浓度均大于黄虾花,但黄虾花的水分利用率、净光合速率大于赤苞花。     

火龙果茎腐病致病菌的鉴定

为弄清火龙果茎腐病的病原和分类地位,并进一步为该病害的有效防治提供理论依据。本研究从琼海、临高、陵水等地广泛采集病样。经田间症状调查、组织纯化培养、病原形态观察、致病力测定、真菌ITS序列和系统进化分析,鉴定了该病害的病原。结果表明:病原分离物具有典型的镰刀菌形态特征,菌丝浓密,产生紫色素,小型分生孢子新月形,大型分生孢子镰刀形,有多个隔;而在ITS序列分析中,代表菌株47A4和47A5与NCBI数据库中尖孢镰刀菌的多条ITS序列(登录号分别为KJ653447.1, DQ535184.1和KM268692.1)相似性达100%;系统进化树上,47A4和47A5与尖孢镰刀菌聚在同一分支上,遗传距离最近,而与非纯培养镰刀菌克隆3.91E在不同分支上,遗传距离远。结合形态特征、序列分析和系统进化分析,将火龙果茎腐病的病原鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。研究结果对火龙果茎腐病流行规律、致灾机理的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

小麦突变体D51抗秆锈性遗传分析及其抗性基因SSR标记

D51是优良品系龙6239经辐射诱变和组织培养相结合获得的高产优质抗秆锈突变体材料,对我国优势秆锈病21C3CPH、21C3CKH和21C3CTR小种均表现免疫。利用来自D51/龙6239、D51/中国春的2个F₂群体和来自D51/龙6239的1个F₂群体分别在苗期和成株期进行21C3CPH小种接种,抗病反应型鉴定表明,3个F₂群体中抗感分离比例均为3∶1,说明D51抗秆锈性受一对显性基因控制,全生育期表达,部分D51/龙6239 F₂植株的F₃株系的抗病鉴定进一步验证F₂鉴定的可靠性。利用675对小麦SSR引物和185株D51/龙6239 F₂分离群体对SrD51基因进行标记定位,将SrD51定位在5D染色体的短臂上。其中SSR标记Xgwm190和Xwmc150与SrD51基因的遗传距离分别为18.58和21.33 cM,并分别位于目的基因的两侧。由于已知的秆锈抗性基因仅有Sr30被定位在小麦5DL上,且Sr30不抗34C2MKK和34C2MFK,而突变体D51的原亲本龙6239不抗21C3CPH、21C3CKH和21C3CTR,却对34C2MKK和34C2MFK表现免疫抗性。因而推断此突变体的秆锈抗性基因可能是一个新基因,暂命名为SrD51。