Partial characterization of stress-induced carboxylesterase from adults of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stegobium paniceum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lasioderma serricorne</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) subjected to CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-enriched atmosphere

The kinetics effects of carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere on carboxylesterase (CarE) activity from Stegobium paniceum and Lasioderma serricorne were comparatively investigated here. The results showed that L. serricorne had significantly greater specific activity of CarE than S. paniceum [0.399 vs. 0.358 mmol (min mg)⁻¹]. Moreover, CarE of L. serricorne expressed a higher affinity (i.e. lower K _m value) to the substrate α-naphthyl acetate than S. paniceum (0.1 vs. 0.8 mM). The in vitro kinetics of CarE showed that there were no significant effects of controlled atmosphere on the affinity of carboxylexterase to α-naphthyl acetate for both pests besides increased of V _max values. Such result draws attention to the higher tolerance of L. serricorne to CO₂-enriched atmosphere and the necessary care required for managing this species with such a control tactic. The information also suggests a potential effect of esterases in mitigating the toxic effect of controlled atmosphere in insect pest species.     

三种野生岩生草本植物的抗旱性综合评价

本试验选择自然状态下生长在岩石边坡上的3种野生岩生植物金发草和丛毛羊胡子草以及狗牙根为研究材料,通过盆栽干旱胁迫试验,研究和分析了干旱胁迫下3种野生岩生植物的叶面积指数、地下干物质量积累、叶片保水力;叶片相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素等形态和生理指标,利用主成分分析法和隶属函数值法对影响3种野生岩生植物抗旱性的指标进行了分析评价。试验结果表明,3种草的抗旱性强弱顺序为金发草＞狗牙根＞丛毛羊胡子草。研究结果以期为筛选、培育适应于岩石边坡植被防护的乡土护坡植物的合理开发、利用提供理论依据。     

两种岩生植物种子鉴定及播种量研究

以两种岩生植物金发草和丛毛羊胡子草为研究对象,进行了种子鉴定与播种量分析研究,结果表明:两种岩生植物具有种子产业化研究价值;两种岩生植物的合理播种量为:金发草0.3043￣0.4226g/m2,丛毛羊胡子草0.2722￣0.3778g/m2。     

高浓度二氧化碳对药材甲和烟草甲乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响

用高浓度CO2气体胁迫处理药材甲Stegobium paniceum和烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne成虫,通过终点比色法测定不同处理时间下两种昆虫乙酰胆碱酯酶AChE的活力变化及其动力学响应,分析高浓度CO2气调胁迫与AChE性质之间的关系。结果表明,气调处理18h,药材甲和烟草甲比活力分别由对照1.221μmol/mg pro./30min和1.856μmol/mg pro./30min上升到2.231μmol/mgpro./30min和2.135μmol/mg pro./30min。处理6h内,二者AChE比活力均迅速升高,药材甲AChE在处理9~18h活力上升趋于平缓,而烟草甲AChE活力则在处理6~15h内稍微降低。药材甲和烟草甲分别在处理6h和9h内,其AChE动力学参数Km下降到最低点1.830μmol/L和7.632μmol/L,随着处理时间延长,其Km值回升,至18h逐步恢复至对照组水平。高浓度CO2气调胁迫处理亦导致药材甲和烟草甲AChE Vmax的改变。     

中药材储藏害虫优势种药材甲形态及生活史

药材甲[Stegobium paniceum(L.)]是中药材储藏期害虫优势种,对我国储藏中药材造成极大危害。此虫卵小,椭圆形,长径296.80～380.80μm,短径224.00～313.60μm。幼虫有4个龄期,1～2龄体小,3～4龄体长迅速增加,整个幼虫期蛀食生存于药材中。蛹被蛹室,长5～10 mm,发育过程中伴随颜色变化。成虫体长2～6 mm,羽化后2～3 d交配产卵,单雌卵量(55.78±3.01)粒,寿命(22.22±1.39)d。1年发生3～4代,世代重叠明显,多以当年第4代幼虫越冬。     

丹皮提取物和丹皮酚蒸气对药材甲的产卵忌避作用研究

在选择性或非选择性试验条件下,药材甲雌虫对丹皮提取物和丹皮酚蒸气均有明显的忌避行为和产卵忌避反应;在非选择性试验条件下,上述２种物质蒸气对药材甲雌虫还具有一定的杀卵、杀幼虫活性,且丹皮酚的活性明显高于丹皮提取物