Effects of different milling methods on flour quality and performance in steamed breadmaking

Three types of wheat: 8901 (hard wheat), Nanyang white wheat, NYWW (medium wheat), and Australian white wheat, AWW (soft wheat) were milled after debranning by abrasion and friction, and by conventional milling. The quality of flours produced by the two procedures and their performance in steamed breadmaking were evaluated. The results showed that debranning affected both the quality of flour and the steamed bread, especially for 8901 and NYWW. Debranning lowered the gluten index, maximum resistance and starch damage; whereas, it increased pericarp content, ash content, L* value, falling number and particle size distribution. The pasting properties such as peak viscosity and final viscosity of NYWWDII and 8901DII were higher than those of NYWWCII and 8901CII. Debranning had positive effects on the quality scores, volume, volume/weight, height and structure of steamed bread from second flour, except for those from soft wheat. For the two other samples, the quality scores for steamed bread were lower than that for the conventional flour. The shape and structure of steamed bread from the top flours of AWWCII and 8901CII were better than from debranned flour. The milling methods did not affect the texture of steamed bread, except in the case of second flour of NYWW.     

浙江省慈溪市面粉类早点中铝含量研究分析

[目的]了解浙江省慈溪市在售面粉类早点中铝残留状况。[方法]于2014、2015年在慈溪市20个乡镇街道的早餐店、快餐店、食品超市及流动早餐车中抽取281份包子馒头和油条样品;同时,在各乡镇粮油店、超市共抽取30份小麦粉样品。按照GB/T 5009.182-2003《面食制品中铝的测定》方法检测,结果采用SPSS统计学软件分析。[结果]78批油条样品中,铝残留检出率为71.8%,超过100mg/kg的样品为33.3%,铝残留中位数为28.0 mg/kg,最高检出值为290.0 mg/kg,两年度间不存在显著差异。203份包子馒头样品中,铝残留检出率为33.0%,铝残留中位数为0 mg/kg,最高检出值为293.0 mg/kg,两年间存在显著差异。30份小麦粉样品铝残留均未检出。[结论]面粉类早点加工过程中使用含铝膨化剂导致食品中铝残留。     

Effect of ozone treatment of wood on its liquefaction

The effects of ozone treatment were investigated to improve the process of liquefaction of wood with polyhydric alcohol solvents. The liquefied wood having a high wood to polyhydric alcohol ratio (W/P ratio) could be prepared by using the wood treated with ozone in the liquid phase. The liquefied wood with a W/P ratio of 2 : 1 had enough fluidity to act as a raw material for chemical products. To get some information about the effects of ozone treatment toward the wood components, cellulose powder and steamed lignin were treated with ozone and liquefied. In particular, ozone treatment in the liquid phase was found to be effective for wood and cellulose powder. On the other hand, steamed lignin self-condensed during liquefaction after treatment with ozone in the liquid phase. Thus, ozone treatment provided lignin with reactive functional groups, and caused the subsequent condensation reaction. Although lignin was converted to a more condensable structure by ozone treatment, the condensation reaction was found to be suppressed for wood during its liquefaction. The wood liquefied products displayed good solubilities in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) even after treatments of long duration. It was suggested that one of the main effects of ozone treatment toward wood was the decomposition of cellulose.Part of this report was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, April 2003     

青海省春小麦品种加工品质研究

为了为青海省春小麦品种品质改良提供理论依据,将115份春小麦品种(系)于2000年种植在青海省西宁市,并对其籽粒品质及馒头和面条加工品质进行了评价。结果表明,参试品种(系)筋力较差、评分较低,但品种间变异幅度较大。外引品种如小冰麦33、M99-90、高优503、格兰尼、加5和野猫的馒头和面条品质较好。蛋白质含量和质量对馒头品质的影响较大,在试验Ⅰ中,稳定时间与馒头体积、表面色泽、外观形状和韧性呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0．49、0．58、0．45和0．46。蛋白质质量主要影响面条质地,淀粉特性与面条质地和外观均相关密切,如峰值粘度与适口性、韧性、粘性和光滑性呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0．58、0．61、0．59和0．48。提高蛋白质质量扣淀粉特性有助于改善面条品质。尽管青海的生态条件对面粉颜色、面筋强度和淀粉粘度有较大负面影响,但通过遗传选择提高青海省小麦品种的馒头和面条品质是可能的。     

馒头品质评价方法探析

以参加陕西省1999／2000年度区域试验的19个小麦品系为试验材料，在对其籽粒品质性状和馒头品质的感官评价与质构仪测试的基础上，通过相关分析对馒头品质评价方法、评价指标进行了探讨。研究结果表明，评价馒头品质的主要感官指标为色泽、外观形状；度量指标为体积；质构仪测试指标主要为弹性和回复性；当馒头的感官品质及度量体积较好时，质构仪测试的弹性和回复性数值越高，馒头品质越好。     

河北省主推中低筋小麦品种的馒头加工品质研究

为了解河北省中低筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和馒头加工品质、评选优质馒头小麦品种,对河北省19个主推中低筋小麦品种的籽粒品质和馒头加工品质进行了测定。结果表明,除容重、出粉率、面粉色泽L*值、面粉白度、籽粒蛋白质含量、糊化温度、吸水率外,河北省主栽中低筋小麦品种品质性状的遗传变异范围较大,19个参试小麦品种馒头综合评分平均为78.4分,变化范围67.8~85.7分;达到良好馒头标准(80~90分)的共有9个品种,分别为良星66、石优17、石新828、良星99、科麦1号、永麦1号、邢麦4号、济麦22、和冀丰703。馒头高度与拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力、P值和W值极显著正相关,与稳定时间显著正相关;馒头评分与P值和W值极显著正相关;馒头比容与稳定时间、粉质质量指数、拉伸曲线面积、延伸度、拉伸阻力、P值、G值和W值负相关。馒头评分与馒头坚实度极显著负相关,与馒头硬度显著负相关,说明馒头坚实度对馒头感官品质影响较大。     

HMW-GS与北方手工馒头加工品质关系的研究

以我国黄淮麦区的114个小麦品种（系）为材料,探讨了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与手工馒头加工品质的关系,分析了供试材料中占比例较大的8种亚基和9种亚基组合对馒头品质的影响。结果表明,N、2+12亚基对各品质指标的作用均好或较好,没有明显缺点,是适合制作优质手工馒头的亚基;1、7+8和5+10亚基对馒头黏性的作用较差,7+9亚     

Puroindoline b位点近等基因系对小麦面粉及面包和馒头品质的影响

明确不同硬度等位基因与加工品质的关系对小麦品质改良具有重要意义。本文以7个Puroindoline b位点近等基因系为材料,研究了不同硬度等位基因对小麦面粉及面包和馒头品质的影响。结果表明,Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的籽粒硬度值、蛋白质含量以及破损淀粉含量较高;而Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型的出粉率、面粉亮度较高,具有较好的磨粉品质。和面仪参数中的峰高、峰宽和8 min尾高均以Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型数值最高,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d 基因型最低,且两者之间的差异均达到显著水平;Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a基因型的衰落角最小。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1c和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1d基因型具有较高馒头色泽和张弛性评分,较好的馒头制作品质;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1e和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1g基因型次之。Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1f基因型的面包总评分略优于其他基因型。     

蒸蛋糕中微生物菌群结构鉴定及其抑制方法的探究

[目的]研究蒸蛋糕在贮藏过程中的微生物变化,探索延长其保质期的方法。[方法]采用基因测序的方法对蒸蛋糕贮藏过程中的微生物多样性和主要微生物菌群进行了分析,并研究了脱氢乙酸钠、丙酸钙和山梨酸钾3种防腐剂对蒸蛋糕保质期的影响。[结果]蒸蛋糕在贮藏过程中主要的腐败是表皮霉变,在蒸蛋糕的贮藏过程中主要的细菌为Staphylococcus和Kocuria;主要的霉菌为Penicillium、Cladosporium和Aspergillus;3种防腐剂都可以抑制微生物的繁殖速度,防霉变的能力大小依次为脱氢乙酸钠、丙酸钙、山梨酸钾。[结论]研究可为延长蒸蛋糕的保质期提供理论依据和技术参考。     

HPLC-ESI-MS法分析蒸参水浓缩物中人参皂苷

研究红参蒸参水浓缩物中人参皂苷类化学成分。采用HPLC-ESI-MS测定蒸参水浓缩物中的人参单体皂苷,测得12种人参皂苷,分别为人参皂苷Ro、Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rh4、Rg3、Rg3异构体、Rg5、Rk1。结果表明,蒸参水浓缩物含有多种具有生物活性的皂苷类化合物,可作为健康食品添加剂、化妆品添加剂及动物饲料添加剂开发产品。