Citizens’ perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space: Results from selected Southeast European cities

In this paper the results of the first comprehensive study on perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space in seven Southeast European cities are presented. The aims of the paper are to analyse 1) citizen perceptions of the current state of urban forests and green space in their cities, 2) to what extent current urban forests and green space meet their needs and how this can be improved. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire. Respondents were selected based on census data though a stratified sampling procedure by taking into account age, gender and city district (n = 384 in each city). The results showed that citizens genuinely care for urban forests and green space in their cities, but are not satisfied with their current state. The respondents found issues related to misbehaviour of other users, the presence and quality of facilities, as well as the presence and quality of management or maintenance the most pressing. There were more statistically significant differences than similarities between cities. Socioeconomic variables explained perceptions only to some extent. Citizens were very supportive of educational campaigns about the importance of urban forests and green space as well as of better enforcement of the existing regulations though having more community wardens that were expected to tackle current unsatisfactory situations. Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries. Study findings are expected to contribute to decision making in urban planning and natural resource management.     

福建省林业发展区划三级分区技术研究

通过对福建省林业发展区划三级分区的生态区位、森林生产力、地貌地形、气候特征、社会经济、林地环境等主要因子的调查,分析影响全省林地生产力布局的主导因子,对所采集的主导因子数据进行标准化处理后,应用系统聚类和有序样本聚类2种聚类分析方法分析和对比,以此划分福建省林业发展区划三级区,提出各三级区林业发展功能定位与对策措施。     

美国城市林业概述

美国城市林业是在高度城市化与城市生态危机的困境中发展起来的,因此,美国城市及其城乡结合部的森林建设与保护一开始就受到美国政府及公众的广泛重视。文中回顾了美国城市林业的起源与发展历程;概述了美国城市林业的学科与法律地位、美国城市林业教育、市民与城市林业的关系,讨论了美国城市林业成功的奥秘及其对我国城市林业建设的启示。     

俄罗斯林业管理体制改革经验与启示

简要介绍了俄罗斯森林法修改前森林资源的所有制结构和林业管理体制, 概述了普京政权成立后频繁进行的机构改革和森林法的修改使林业发生的一系列变革, 以及林业面临的问题和挑战。     

林业血防生态工程在血吸虫病防治中的作用及展望

1990年以来, 我国一些林业学者在总结长期生产和科研实践基础上提出了"以林为主, 抑螺防病"的林业血防生态工程科学设想, 即运用生态经济学原理, 在因地制宜的基础上, 采取以林为主, 生态学、环境学、农学、系统工程学以及流行病学等众多学科结合, 林、农、副、渔等多种经营, 创立融抑螺防病、经济、生态三效一体的人工林生态系统——抑螺防病林。通过多年的试验研究, 提出了多物种、多层次、多结构、多功能的低丘滩地的治理与开发模式以及不同类型的抑螺防病综合治理模式, 形成了以生物为主与工程措施相互结合的一整套较为系统的抑螺防病林体系。目前在长江流域湖区5省建立抑螺防病林试验点19个, 试验区面积6万多hm2, 抑螺防病效果十分明显。同时, 林业血防生态工程还兼具湿地保护、促进滩地综合治理与开发、有效降低滩地钉螺密度和促进林业产业发展等多重功能。     

芬兰林业税的改革及启示

芬兰自1922年起对林业实行立地生产力税制, 根据土地面积和土地生产力征税, 成为有效促进木材供应增长和鼓励林业投资的重要工具。1993年, 芬兰开始实行按实际收入征税的新税制。新税制操作简便, 并与其他欧盟国家税制接轨, 适应了芬兰经济发展的现实需要。文中讨论了芬兰林业税改革对中国的启示:立地生产力税制对于中国而言, 操作难度大; 中国应借鉴芬兰经验, 结合我国林业特点, 设计适应国情的林业税制。     

Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in the Soil from Beef Cattle Farms in Three Regions of Xinjiang

In order to study and evaluate the feeding environment of the beef cattle farms in Xinjiang, the contents of heavy mentals in the soil from 8 beef cattle farms in Xinjiang Aksu, Yili and Tacheng regions were tested according to the Field of Livestock and Poultry Environment Quality Standard (NY/T 388—1999).The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to determine the contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr.The mean contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in 8 beef cattle farms soil were 0.389, 0.568, 22.708, 0.573 and 149.449 mg/kg, respectively, and they were all below the upper limit of NY/T 388—1999.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of 8 beef cattle farms were 0.577 to 0.994, and the index were 0.7 to 1 of two observation points in Yili and one observation point in Tacheng.The soil environment quality of these 3 farms were at the level of slight cleaning.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of other five observation points were ≤0.7, the soil environment was in a clean level.The soil environment of beef cattle farms in these three regions conformed to the standards of livestock for environment quality and safe products.     

基于VBA的云南省基层林业工作站信息管理系统的设计与构建

为全面掌握全省各级林业站管理机构、各县(市、区)基层林业工作站的基本情况,基于云南省基层林业工作站情况调查的要求,结合乡镇林业工作站工程建设标准需要,以林业工作站调查信息数据为基础,利用VBA语言在Access 2007下开发具有形象直观的统计图功能、智能查询功能、数据导出至电子表格模板等功能特点的云南省基层林业工作站信息管理系统,文中阐述了系统开发方案、开发环境及系统主要功能。     

浅谈林业生产中的造林及抚育技术

在林业生产的过程中,采用正确、合理的造林技术和抚育技术,能够提高造林成活率,确保林木健康生长,并在短时间内构建完善的林分结构。而科学的抚育管理,又能进一步挖掘林业发展潜力,提升林地质量和产量,为林业发展创造更多的空间。同时做好造林和森林抚育工作,能够有效地促进林业科学发展,更好地应对全球气候变化的挑战。     

农林类高校学风问题及建设对策探讨

从学习目的、学习态度、学习纪律、学习方法、学习兴趣、学习氛围等方面提出并分析了农林类高校的学风问题,从提高认识、抓实专业思想教育、深化教学改革、坚持导管结合、加强校园文化建设等方面提出了加强学风建设的思路与对策。