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61.
为调查广东省宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus pseudintermedius)的携带和耐药情况,从小动物临床采集皮肤、耳部和鼻腔等部位的样品,分离鉴定伪中间型葡萄球菌,并采用琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法对伪中间型葡萄球菌进行抗菌药物敏感性检测,采用PCR方法检测mecA基因。结果表明,从898个样品中共分离到144株伪中间型葡萄球菌,检出率为16.0%,皮肤、耳部和鼻腔的伪中间型葡萄球菌检出率分别为20%(64/319)、17.8%(64/359)和7.5%(3/40)。抗菌药物敏感性检测和mecA基因检测结果显示有89株(61.8%)为耐甲氧西林伪中间型葡萄球菌(MRSP)。伪中间型葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克林霉素和四环素的耐药率均在80%以上,对利福平和阿米卡星的耐药率低于8%,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、喹奴普汀/达福普汀和替考拉宁均敏感。大部分(>69%)MRSP对红霉素、克林霉素、泰乐菌素、阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、四环素、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等抗菌药物表现耐药。本研究结果表明宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌的耐药情况严重且MRSP的检出率高,应高度重视宠物源细菌耐药问题。 相似文献
62.
采用水培实验方法模拟不同程度的Cu污染状况,研究了黑麦草与耳葡萄球菌联合修复作用对Cu的去除效果。结果表明,联合修复作用对Cu的去除效果明显优于单一的黑麦草修复,Cu初始浓度在5-30mg.L-1时,联合修复对Cu的去除率均达85%以上。耳葡萄球菌对Cu表现出较强的耐受性和吸附性,Cu浓度为100mg.L-1时其干重积累量达到40.6mg.g-1。耳葡萄球菌的存在降低了黑麦草根系及茎叶中Cu的积累量,联合修复组的黑麦草的生物量和叶绿素含量明显高于单一黑麦草修复组。该菌在一定程度上减轻了黑麦草所受Cu的毒害性,提高了水中Cu的联合修复效果。 相似文献
63.
10种中草药对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌试验 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
采用试管法和平板法,分别测定了10种中草药对临床分离的一株鸡关节炎源性金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),从而为临床预防和治疗鸡金黄色葡萄球菌性关节炎提供理论依据。结果发现,10种单味中草药对临床分离的球菌均有一定的抗菌活性,尤其是黄连、大青叶、艾叶、连翘4 种中草药的体外抗菌效果更明显。 相似文献
64.
KR Petrovski NB Williamson N Lopez-Villalobos TJ Parkinson IG Tucker 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):317-322
Abstract AIMS: To determine the pattern of isolation of major mastitis-causing organisms isolated from milk samples submitted to five veterinary diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand. METHODS: The culture results of 25,288 milk samples that were collected from dairy cows throughout New Zealand from August 2003 to December 2006 and submitted to a group of veterinary diagnostic laboratories were assembled, reviewed and summarised. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effect of year, region (i.e. North vs South Island), and season on the probability of isolating the two most common organisms. RESULTS: The most commonly isolated mastitis causing organisms from all samples were: Streptococcus uberis (23.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS; 7.2%), Strep. dysgalactiae (6.2%), Bacillus spp. (4.0%), and coliforms (3.7%). The percentage of samples with isolates of Strep. uberis or Staph. aureus was affected by island, year and season (p<0.001). For most of the year, except in late winter and early spring when Strep. uberis was much more common, the percentage of isolates of Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus were not apparently different despite the former being an environmental pathogen and the other a contagious one. CONCLUSION: The pattern of isolation of major mastitis-causing organisms, as determined from culture of milk samples submitted to diagnostic laboratories in New Zealand, has changed significantly over the last 40 years, with a substantial increase in the percentage of isolates that are Strep. uberis and a decrease in isolates of Strep. agalactiae. There is a clear seasonal pattern to the isolation of both Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus, particularly the former. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of the aetiological agents causing bovine mastitis on a farm is of value in determining the choice of treatment. This dataset shows that, although there is seasonal pattern to the isolation of mastitis-causing organisms in New Zealand, both Strep. uberis and Staph. aureus are isolated throughout the year, so bacteriology is of value in determining aetiology even in late winter/early spring. 相似文献
65.
A Grinberg N Lopez-Villalobos K Lawrence M Nulsen 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):332-335
AIM: To gauge how well prior laboratory test results predict in vitro penicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy cows with mastitis. METHODS: Population-based data on the farm of origin (n=79), genotype based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results, and the penicillin-resistance status of Staph. aureus isolates (n=115) from milk samples collected from dairy cows with mastitis submitted to two diagnostic laboratories over a 6-month period were used. Data were mined stochastically using the all-possible-pairs method, binomial modelling and bootstrap simulation, to test whether prior test results enhance the accuracy of prediction of penicillin resistance on farms. RESULTS: Of all Staph. aureus isolates tested, 38% were penicillin resistant. A significant aggregation of penicillin-resistance status was evident within farms. The probability of random pairs of isolates from the same farm having the same penicillin-resistance status was 76%, compared with 53% for random pairings of samples across all farms. Thus, the resistance status of randomly selected isolates was 1.43 times more likely to correctly predict the status of other isolates from the same farm than the random population pairwise concordance probability (p=0.011). This effect was likely due to the clonal relationship of isolates within farms, as the predictive fraction attributable to prior test results was close to nil when the effect of within-farm clonal infections was withdrawn from the model. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the penicillin-resistance status of a prior Staph. aureus isolate significantly enhanced the predictive capability of other isolates from the same farm. In the time and space frame of this study, clinicians using previous information from a farm would have more accurately predicted the penicillin-resistance status of an isolate than they would by chance alone on farms infected with clonal Staph. aureus isolates, but not on farms infected with highly genetically heterogeneous bacterial strains. 相似文献
66.
67.
采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1~3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。 相似文献
68.
中链脂肪酸甘油酯已经成为抗生素替代物研究的新热点。文章旨在探究月桂酸、单辛酸甘油酯、单月桂酸甘油酯、辛葵酸甘油酯对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌的抑菌效果。结果显示:月桂酸、单月桂酸甘油酯、单辛酸甘油酯对大肠埃希菌有显著(P<0.05)抑制作用;月桂酸、单月桂酸甘油酯、单辛酸甘油酯、辛葵酸甘油酯对金黄色葡萄球菌有显著(P<0.05)抑制作用;月桂酸、单月桂酸甘油酯、单辛酸甘油酯、辛葵酸甘油酯对肠炎沙门氏菌有显著(P<0.05)抑制作用;月桂酸、单月桂酸甘油酯、单辛酸甘油酯对鸡白痢沙门氏菌有显著(P<0.05)抑制作用。其中,月桂酸、单月桂酸甘油酯、单辛酸甘油酯对4种致病菌的作用效果随时间延长而增强。 相似文献
69.
味蒙药对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌试验研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2020,41(4):101-106
为筛选出对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S. aureus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E. coli)具有良好抑菌作用的蒙药,试验采用打孔法测定S. aureus和E. coli对石榴皮、诃子、小白蒿、黄芩、黄芪、苦参、铁线莲7味蒙药敏感程度,微量稀释法测定蒙药的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC),棋盘法测定敏感蒙药对S. aureus和E. coli的协同指数(fractional inhibitory concentration index,FICI)。结果显示:石榴皮、诃子、黄芩3味蒙药对S. aureus的抑菌圈直径为23.30~32.60 mm,MIC为0.98~7.80 mg/mL;石榴皮、诃子、黄芩3味蒙药对E. coli的抑菌圈直径为5.20~12.50 mm,MIC为7.80~31.50 mg/mL;石榴皮与诃子联合用药对S. aureus的FICI为1.00,为相加作用;诃子与黄芩、石榴皮分别联合用药对E. coli的FICI都为0.75,为相加作用。综上所述,石榴皮、诃子、黄芩3味蒙药对S. aureus综合抑菌效果达极度敏感或高度敏感;石榴皮、诃子、黄芩3味蒙药对E. coli综合抑菌效果达极度敏感或高度敏感;在抑制S. aureus的配方中石榴皮、黄芩、诃子可被优先考虑;在抑制E. coli的配方中黄芩、诃子、石榴皮可被优先考虑。 相似文献
70.
采用金黄色葡萄球菌侵袭原代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,观察该病原菌对乳腺上皮细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路关键蛋白和相关修复因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA表达的影响。金黄色葡萄球菌以MOI=1∶1的比例接种奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,分别作用0,15,30,45,60,120,240 min,采用Western blot法检测乳腺上皮细胞β-catenin、Cyclin D1及c-Myc蛋白表达水平;免疫荧光法检测β-catenin的表达及核易位;荧光定量PCR检测EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA表达。结果显示,β-catenin蛋白在45,60,120 min表达量升高,与0 min相比差异显著(P<0.05);Cyclin D1蛋白在45,60,120和240 min表达量升高,差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);c-Myc蛋白在15,30,60,120,240 min表达量升高,差异极显著(P<0.01)。修复相关因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA的表达量在30 min均出现极显著升高(P<0.01),且VEGF基因mRNA在45,60,120和240 min均呈现极显著升高(P<0.01),EGFR基因mRNA表达量在30,45和60 min时表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌侵袭奶牛乳腺上皮细胞后,诱导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的转导和修复因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因转录,该信号通路和修复因子可能参与金黄色葡萄球菌导致的炎症和细胞损伤的修复过程。 相似文献