温度和药剂处理对银条根茎休眠和发芽的影响

以"二细一粗"银条为试材,研究了温度及化学药剂处理对银条根状茎休眠及发芽的影响。结果表明:化学药剂对银条的催芽效果各处理间存在显著差异(LSR0.01),认为使用GA310mg/L溶液浸泡30min促进根状茎发芽效果最好,发芽率达78.8%,发芽时间短,发芽整齐,且芽苗生长健壮。发芽温度保持在20℃左右较为合适,温度继续增高,发芽速度加快,发芽指数提高,但发芽率却略有下降。     

草石蚕四倍体与二倍体的品质分析

[目的]分析草石蚕四倍体与二倍体的品质。[方法]对引进的草石蚕二倍体材料进行秋水仙素诱导处理,成功获得草石蚕的四倍体材料,然后将草石蚕二倍体和四倍体材料进行栽培试验,并分析草石蚕的干物质含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和可溶性糖含量3个重要品质指标。[结果]四倍体叶片中干物质含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和可溶性糖含量比二倍体分别增加了43.16%、9.46%和21.74%;而四倍体块茎中干物质含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和可溶性糖含量比二倍体分别增加了13.12%、21.89%和7.47%。[结论]四倍体的营养成分要比二倍体高,在经济价值上比二倍体更优越。     

高原夏菜草石蚕高产高效栽培技术

为进一步提升草石蚕营养品质和商品价值,树立西北高原夏菜特色品牌,发展高原夏菜产区草石蚕特色种植产业,通过项目调研和试验种植,集成地块整理、茬口选择、中耕除草、病虫害防治、促根控秧等关键技术,总结形成了高原夏菜草石蚕高产高效栽培技术,可实现每667 m²产量1 800 kg左右,产值稳定在5 000元以上,较传统玉米种植每667 m²增加收入2 000元,效益十分显著。     

水苏糖提取鲜基草食蚕贮藏适宜温湿度和贮藏期研究

以水苏糖提取的原料草食蚕为材料,研究不同温湿度条件下贮藏,对草食蚕品质和水苏糖含量的影响。分别设置空气相对湿度为50%～60%,60%～70%,70%～80%,80%～90%;温度设置为0℃,4℃,8℃,12℃。结果表明:随着贮藏温度对失重率、霉变度、水苏糖含量都有极显著影响(p<0.01),随温度降低,失重率、霉变度、水苏糖损失均降低,贮藏湿度对失重率、霉变度也有极显著影响,随湿度增加,失重率减少、霉变度增加。在研究温度范围内,贮藏适宜湿度为70%～80%。贮藏温度为0℃时草食蚕可贮藏10个月以上,4℃时可贮藏期6个月,8℃时贮藏4个月,12℃时可贮藏2个月。     

Influence of mechanical weeding and fertilisation on perennial weeds,fungal diseases,soil structure and crop yield in organic spring cereals

ABSTRACT

There is a need both in organic farming and on farms using integrated pest management for non-chemical measures that control the perennial weed flora. The effect of mechanical weeding and fertilisation on perennial weeds, fungal diseases and soil structure were evaluated in two different experiments in spring cereals. Experiment I included six strategies. The first strategy was (1) without specific measures against perennial weeds. The other strategies encompassed one or two seasonal control measures; (2) rhizome/root cutting with minimal soil disturbance in autumn, (3) hoeing with 24?cm row spacing, (4) combined hoeing and disc harrowing in autumn, (5) ‘KvikUp’ harrowing in spring, and (6) ‘KvikUp’ harrowing in spring and autumn. Experiment II included factor (i) inter-row hoeing and (ii) fertilisation level. This experiment included the comparison between normal row spacing (12?cm) with weed harrowing versus double row spacing (=24?cm) in combination with inter-row hoeing and 4 fertilisation levels (50–200?kg N ha^?1). In experiment I the strategies consisting of no or one direct weed control measure (1, 2, 3 and 5) clearly did not control the perennial weeds. The two seasonal control measures (4 and 6) gave a satisfactory weed control and highest crop yield. The combination of best weed control and no measured harmful effects on soil structure or increase of fungal diseases may explain the highest yields for these strategies. In Experiment II, hoeing and 24?cm spacing gave less perennial biomass compared to 12?cm spacing. Grain yields increased linearly with increasing nitrogen input. The study shows that both inter-row hoeing and weed harrows, are important elements in integrated pest management practice and organic farming. In addition, our results indicate that efficient mechanical weeding is possible without harmful effects in crop rotation consisting of various spring cereals as regards soil structure and plant health.     

水苏糖提取鲜基草食蚕贮藏适宜温湿度和贮藏期研究

以水苏糖提取的原料草食蚕为材料,研究不同温湿度条件下贮藏,对草食蚕品质和水苏糖含量的影响。分别设置空气相对湿度为50%~60%,60%~70%,70%~80%,80%~90%;温度设置为0℃,4℃,8℃,12℃。结果表明：随着贮藏温度对失重率、霉变度、水苏糖含量都有极显著影响(p<0.01),随温度降低,失重率、霉变度、水苏糖损失均降低,贮藏湿度对失重率、霉变度也有极显著影响,随湿度增加,失重率减少、霉变度增加。在研究温度范围内,贮藏适宜湿度为70%~80%。贮藏温度为0℃时草食蚕可贮藏10个月以上,4℃时可贮藏期6个月,8℃时贮藏4个月,12℃时可贮藏2个月     

小麦套种草石蚕的磷肥施用量研究

在宁夏贺兰县草石蚕主产区进行了磷肥施用量对小麦套种草石蚕产量的影响试验,结果表明:贺兰县种植小麦套种草石蚕适宜施磷(P2O5)水平为120~180㎏/hm2。     

草石蚕茎尖脱毒培养及良种繁育体系

草石蚕携带的病毒能通过繁殖器官代代相传、蔓延,导致草石蚕种性退化,产量及品质下降。结合笔者对草石蚕多年的研究成果,从病毒为害、茎尖培养、良种繁育等方面综述了草石蚕的脱毒培养及良种繁育体系,为生产上推广应用草石蚕脱毒良种、提高其产量和品质、促进草石蚕利用等提供参考。     

银条不定芽诱导及高效增殖体系的建立

以"二细一粗"银条茎尖、叶片、茎段组织为外植体,研究了不同激素配比对其不定芽诱导与增殖效果的影响。结果表明,银条叶片组织未能再生;茎尖、茎段组织直接诱导较大不定芽的再生率较低,平均每个外植体最多可诱导不定芽5～7个。而通过茎段先诱导出不定芽芽团,再进行芽的伸长这一途径,每个外植体诱导的不定芽数平均可提高到14.3个,且芽团经5次继代后,增殖再生能力无衰退表现,且再生植株生产潜力非常巨大,是一条较优的再生途径。茎段不定芽芽团诱导培养基以添加6-BA5.0mg/L的MS培养基效果较好;增殖培养基以MS+6-BA4.5mg/L+GA31.0mg/L效果较好;不定芽伸长培养基以MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+NAA0.4mg/L+GA30.5mg/L较好。     

银条多糖提取工艺的研究

银条风味独特,营养丰富,含有多种活性成分,是近年来在药用和保健食品开发利用方面前景十分广阔的植物。对银条的常规成分和活性多糖进行了初步的提取测定和分析。