Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol-fentanyl and propofol-midazolam combinations in spontaneously-breathing goats

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol and fentanyl, with propofol and midazolam for total intravenous anaesthesia.Study designProspective, randomized, crossover experimental study.AnimalsSix goats; three does and three wethers.MethodsGoats received either fentanyl 0.02 mg kg^?1 (treatment FP) or midazolam 0.3 mg kg^?1 (treatment MP) intravenously. One minute later anaesthesia was induced with propofol, then maintained by constant rate infusion of propofol 12.0 mg kg^?1 hour^?1 and fentanyl 0.02 mg kg^?1 hour^?1 (treatment FP) or propofol 12.0 mg kg^?1 hour^?1 and midazolam 0.3 mg kg^?1 hour^?1 (treatment MP) for 90 minutes. Response to noxious stimulus was tested every 10 minutes and propofol dose adjusted to prevent purposeful movement. Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured continuously, and arterial blood-gas analysis performed intermittently. Recovery was timed and quality scored. Results are presented as median (IQR).ResultsDifferences in the propofol induction dose [4.00 (3.96-4.01) and 3.97 (3.91-4.00) mg kg^?1 for treatments FP and MP, respectively] were not significant. Quality of induction in both groups was smooth. The median propofol dose for maintenance was less (p = 0.004) with treatment FP (12.0 mg kg^?1 hour^?1) than MP (18.0 mg kg^?1 hour^?1). Cardiopulmonary function was well maintained with both treatments. Recovery times in minutes from the end of anaesthetic infusion for treatments FP and MP respectively were; to extubation 3.0 (3.0-3.0) and 4.5 (3.3-5.0); to sternal position, 4.5 (3.3-5.0) and 5.0 (5.0-6.5) and to standing 13.0 (10.3-15.0) and 15.0 (11.3-17.3). Quality of recovery was acceptable in both groups, but abnormal behavioural signs were observed after treatment FP.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTotal intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl or propofol and midazolam, at the doses studied, in spontaneously-breathing, oxygen-supplemented goats is practicable. Recovery from the fentanyl-propofol combination is not always smooth.     

中国食用豆出口贸易现状及其增长的影响因素

为促进中国食用豆出口贸易的发展提供政策参考,从出口的规模、结构和市场分布方面归纳分析2002—2013年中国食用豆出口贸易现状,并利用恒定市场份额模型分析中国食用豆出口增长的影响因素。结果表明:2002—2013年中国食用豆出口额保持快速增长,出口品种主要以芸豆、绿豆和赤豆为主,出口市场主要是亚洲和美洲地区,但整体的市场份额并未明显提高,食用豆的国际竞争力有所下降。市场需求是影响中国食用豆出口增长的重要因素,但其影响逐渐减弱;产品竞争力逐渐成为食用豆出口增长的关键因素,出口结构向有利于出口的方向转变,对食用豆出口增长的促进作用日趋显著。     

中国和澳大利亚畜产品贸易波动因素分析

为研究1996—2012年间中国和澳大利亚畜产品贸易波动因素,在从贸易趋势、贸易互补性和贸易强度角度总结双边畜产品贸易特征的基础上,采用恒定市场份额模型对中国和澳大利亚畜产品贸易波动因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:中国和澳大利亚畜产品贸易增长快速,并且双边畜产品贸易互补性强;澳大利亚畜产品进口需求增长和中国畜产品竞争力提升是推动中国对澳大利亚畜产品出口增长的主要原因,对出口额增长贡献率分别为68.99%和48.56%;澳大利亚对中国畜产品出口增长的关键因素是中国畜产品进口规模增长,对出口额增长贡献率达到128.22%,而澳大利亚畜产品整体竞争力下降阻碍了出口增长;在中国加入WTO前后不同时期,影响中国和澳大利亚畜产品贸易增长的因素存在差异。     

玉米新品种冀玉5817丰产性和稳产性分析

[目的]对冀玉5817的丰产性和稳产性进行分析,为进一步推广该玉米新品种提供科学依据。[方法]依据2011~2013年河北省夏播早熟组玉米区域试验、生产试验的产量结果,通过分析产量、产量变异系数、高稳系数、品种产量与环境指数的回归系数,对冀玉5817的丰产性和稳产性进行分析。[结果]冀玉5817在产量、产量变异系数、高稳系数等指标上均好于对照京单28。[结论]冀玉5817具有高产、稳产的特性,适合在河北唐山、廊坊市,保定北部和沧州北部,夏播玉米区大面积推广种植。     

大豆新品种商豆1201的高产稳产性及适应性研究

[目的]选育出高产、稳产、优质、多抗、适应性强的大豆新品种。[方法]依据2012年河南省大豆区域预备试验结果,采用通用高产稳产性参数估算、高稳系数法和回归系数法对商豆1201的高产稳产性及适应性进行了分析,同时对商豆1201的特征特性、品质及抗性鉴定进行了阐述。[结果]商豆1201具有较好的高产性和稳产性,是一个比较理想的高产稳产大豆新品种,且属于优良环境特殊适应性品种。[结论]该研究为商豆1201在生产上大面积推广提供理论依据。     

赖氨酸铜稳定常数的测定及优化计算

采用pH电位滴定法测定了铜离子与赖氨酸配合物在离子强度为0．1mol／L（NaCl）、温度为25℃时的pH值变化,用半整数作图法得出配合物的稳定常数为：1gK;=10．6,1gK：=8．5,1gK,=2．1。并运用量子化学密度泛函理论对产物的几何构型进行了优化,同时计算得到了热分解反应的标准热力学量变。     

高产稳产小麦新品种‘淮麦33’选育及性状分析

为选育适于江苏淮北地区种植的高产稳产小麦新品种,江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所2001年以‘烟农19’和‘郑州991’进行杂交,用系谱法选育出小麦新品种‘淮麦33’,2013年通过江苏省审定(苏审麦201305),2014年通过国家审定(国审麦2014001)。参加江苏省区域试验结果:2010—2012年江苏省淮北区域试验,平均产量7977.90 kg/hm2,较对照‘淮麦20’增产6.28%;2012—2013年江苏省生产试验,平均产量7948.95 kg/hm2,比对照‘淮麦20’增产5.96%,居参试品种第1位。参加国家区域试验结果:2011—2013年国家区域试验,平均产量7563.30 kg/hm2,比对照‘周麦18’增产6.83%,增产差异极显著,增产点率94.10%,均值变异系数10.11%,适应度82.34%。2013—2014年国家生产试验,平均产量8934.00 kg/hm2,比对照增产6.13%,居该组试验品种第1位,增产点率100%。通过多年多点区域试验表明:‘淮麦33’株型理想、产量潜力高,对黄淮麦区小麦主要病害、逆害具有良好的抗(耐)性,尤其是2010年、2012年赤霉病大发生、2013年倒春寒严重发生的情况下,稳产性突出。     

泵作透平专用叶轮直径的确定及其对透平性能的影响

为了以理论方法建立前弯叶片泵作透平专用叶轮直径与设计流量的关系,揭示叶轮直径对透平性能的影响,该文以比转速为66的离心泵为原型,推导叶轮直径与设计流量的关系表达式。在不改变原型泵其他过流部件的前提下,基于ANSYS Bladegen软件设计3个进口安放角均为90°,直径分别为235、245和255 mm的前弯叶片透平专用叶轮。在试验验证基础上,分别完成3台透平全流场数值计算。结果表明:叶轮直径对透平外特性有显著影响,高效点随叶轮直径增加向大流量偏移。最高效率点均出现在计算临界流量稍偏右侧,与理论推导结论基本相符。叶轮直径从235 mm增大到245和255 mm时,透平最高效率分别提高了1.73%和3.32%。随叶轮直径增大,小流量区效率下降且降速快,大流量区效率提高且高效区宽。该研究丰富了液力透平设计方法,可为前弯叶片透平专用叶轮设计提供参考。     

Extensional Flow Studies of Wheat Flour Dough. II. Experimental Method for Measurements in Constant Extension Rate Squeezing Flow and Application to Flours Varying in Breadmaking Performance

An experimental method for biaxial extensional measurements on wheat flour doughs in a squeezing flow geometry is reported, in which the speed is controlled so as to be proportional to the gap between the disks, resulting in a constant extensional strain rate in the sample. In such measurements, the stress was obtained directly as a function of Hencky strain at constant pre-set strain rate. This allowed a straightforward evaluation of the strain hardening phenomenon, its onset and strength. Measurements were made at three strain rates and at Hencky strains varying from 0 to 3 for 15 winter wheat cultivars, five of high (H), five of intermediate (M) and five of low (L) protein content and baking performance. It was concluded that all three groups showed strain hardening, which started before a Hencky strain value of 1 was reached. All three groups, at all three strain rates satisfied the stability criterion n>_Hat all values of Hencky strain (n is the strain hardening index in the power-law representation σ=K_Hⁿwhere σ is the stress, _His the Hencky strain, and K is a constant). Differences between the groups were seen most clearly at the lowest strain rate: (i) the onset occurred at a lower Hencky strain, the higher the protein content and baking quality; (ii) the strain hardening index reached a maximum just before a Hencky strain of 2, where the H group had a 25% higher value than the M and L groups.