The effects of ethylene, 1-MCP and AVG on sprouting in sweetpotato roots

Exogenous ethylene is commonly used as a commercial sprouting inhibitor of potato tubers. The role of ethylene in the control of sprouting of sweetpotato roots, however, is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ethylene in control of sprouting in sweetpotato roots by observing the effect of an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), in the presence and absence of exogenous ethylene on root sprouting and associated sugar accumulation. Continuous exposure to 10 μl L⁻¹ ethylene, 24 h exposure to 625 nl L⁻¹ 1-MCP or dipping in 100 μl L⁻¹ AVG all inhibited sprout growth in sweetpotato roots of two varieties over 4 weeks of storage at 25 °C. The observations that both ethylene on its own and 1-MCP, which inhibits ethylene action, inhibit sprout growth indicate that while continuous exposure to exogenous ethylene leads to sprout growth inhibition, ethylene is also required for sprouting. In potato tubers ethylene is required to break dormancy, while continuous exposure inhibits sprout growth.Monosaccharide concentrations in ethylene, 1-MCP or AVG treated roots were lower than in untreated roots, and for ethylene treated roots this was associated with higher respiration rates. This is consistent with the activation of some additional process by ethylene which uses energy through sugar metabolism. 1-MCP and AVG both inhibited this increase in respiration rate and counteracted the decrease in monosaccharide concentrations. 1-MCP presumably counteracts the ethylene stimulation of this process, while the effect of AVG is attributed to its possible inhibitory effects on protein synthesis.     

BVDV基因E0在人参发根的转化及其分子检测

将重组鹿源BVDV基因E0植物表达载体（pBI121/E0）,通过发根农杆菌Ri介导,用叶盘法转化得到人参发根,分别用PCR、RT-PCR检测其转化情况。结果表明：获得了转鹿源BVDV基因E0人参发根,鹿源BVDV基因E0已整合到人参发根基因组中并得到了转录,为研制转基因人参发根疫苗提供了科学依据和材料。     

棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展

 棉花根系的生长、分布和生理活性对棉花整体生长发育起着十分重要的作用,但是观测上的不便给研究带来一定困难,导致相关规律与机理的认识不及地上部深入。本文以近年研究报道为依据,对棉花根系研究方法、根系的生长、分布特征、影响因素及生理特性等进行了较为系统地阐述,并提出了今后棉花根系研究的重点问题。     

根系对土壤环境胁迫响应的研究进展

根系是土壤和植物的动态界面,植物根系具有锚定植株、吸收和运输土壤中的水分及养分、合成和贮藏营养物质等重要功能。近年来,随着研究方法的改进和现代根系定量分析技术的发展,对根系的研究日益受到重视和关注。因而,根系的研究在多个新的研究方向上展开。本文简要介绍了国内外近年来在根系对土壤环境胁迫响应的研究进展,以供根系研究参考。     

栽培型与野生型青蒿愈伤组织及毛状根的诱导

为了比较栽培型与野生型引种青蒿愈伤组织及毛状根的诱导差异,以2种类型青蒿种子为材料,在不加激素的MS培养基中诱导青蒿苗,并利用青蒿的根、茎和叶片在MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L诱导愈伤组织,发根农杆菌C58C1、ATCC15834和Accc10600诱导毛状根。结果表明青蒿愈伤组织诱导效率以根最佳,其次为茎和叶片。农杆菌C58C1和ATCC15834分别以青蒿的根和叶片的诱导率可达100%和70%;Accc10600菌种不能诱导青蒿叶片毛状根发生,但是可诱导根生出毛根的芽点。该研究为青蒿素的生物反应器规模化生产奠定了基础。     

小麦根系在不同铁营养水平条件下的蛋白质组差异表达分析

为了探究小麦根际不同铁水平对根系基因表达的调控,采用小麦‘北农9549’为材料,进行缺铁胁迫和胁迫后恢复铁供应等不同处理,用双向电泳的方法分离蛋白,对比分析不同处理间根系蛋白质表达的差异。结果表明,缺铁处理植株与正常供铁的植株相比,缺铁条件下生长的小麦根系有137个蛋白点的表达水平变化具有显著差异（P<0.05）,其中76个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著上调表达,另有61个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著下调表达。上述经过铁饥饿的小麦根系恢复正常铁供应2周后,与自始至终正常供铁的根系相比,有150个蛋白点的表达水平变化具有显著差异（P <0.05）,其中78个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著上调表达,另有72个蛋白点发生大于2倍的显著下调表达,本试验结果表明,缺铁会引起小麦根系表达大量特异性蛋白。     

吨田宝对旱地小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响

为研究不同生育时期喷施不同浓度吨田宝对旱地小麦生长发育和产量形成的影响,于2013—2014年度在山西农业大学闻喜试验基地进行了旱地小麦起身期和挑旗期喷施不同浓度吨田宝的试验。结果表明,起身期喷施吨田宝,促进了拔节期根系发育,减缓成熟期根系衰老,增加拔节期、开花期的叶面积指数和各生育时期干物质量,随浓度大主要通过提高穗数提高产量;挑旗期喷施吨田宝有利于促进有效穗数的形成,随浓度增大主要通过增加穗粒数、千粒重提高产量;起身期、挑旗期配合喷施不同浓度吨田宝增加了开花期的叶面积指数,提高了开花期和成熟期干物质量,显著提高了穗数、穗粒数、产量,增产幅度达5.8%~10%。总之,起身期和挑旗期以1:1,浓度为每公顷750 mL/225 kg水喷施吨田宝显著提高穗数和千粒重,增产效果最好。     

中国甘草的组织培养研究进展

概述了国内在甘草植株再生、快速繁殖和毛状根培养方面的研究进展情况。甘草组织培养的基本培养基为MS,诱导培养基主要附加激素为2,4-D、6-BA和NAA,其中6-BA(0.2￣1.0mg/L)必不可少;分化培养基以MS无机元素和B5的有机成分为基本培养基,并附加ZT、BA、KT,三者可单独使用或配合NAA使用;生根培养基主要是添加NAA(0.05￣0.01mg/L)。能分化成苗的外植体仅有下胚轴,而且分化率极低,仅为3%￣6%。快速繁殖方法有腋芽丛状茎生根成苗和带叶茎段直接生根成苗两种,其中带2叶茎段成苗繁殖系数最高,达到98%。发根农杆菌ATCC15834感染甘草下胚轴诱导产生毛状根效果最好,诱导率高达30%。毛状根的最佳培养条件是:50mg/LKNO3,100mg/LCaCl2·2H2O,0￣225mg/LKH2PO4,640mg/LMgSO4·7H2O,微量元素及有机物质采用B5水平,32.5g/L蔗糖,转速100r/min,pH6.2左右,通过毛状根的培养可获得原植物中含有的或者不含有的化合物。     

转基因毛白杨根部土壤微生物数量的季节变化

为了对转基因植物的生态安全性研究提供依据,采用土壤梯度稀释法对转基因毛白杨和非转基因毛白杨根部微生物数量的季节变化趋势进行研究。结果表明：转基因毛白杨根际、根表和根皮3个层面的根部细菌数量变化均是春季较少,夏季有不同程度的增多,秋季减少,根内的细菌数量极少;非转基因毛白杨根际细菌数量的变化表现为春季较少,夏季增多,秋季减少;根表和根皮则表现为春季到秋季细菌数量呈下降趋势。转基因毛白杨根部真菌数量变化趋势均为春季较少,夏季有不同程度的增多,秋季减少;非转基因毛白杨根部真菌的数量为从春季到秋季呈逐渐减少的趋势。     

Effects of Cinnamon Acid on Respiratory Rate and Its Related Enzymes Activity in Roots of Seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd

This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.It would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested seedlings.After treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were measured.The rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to decline.However,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last day.The respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed similarly.In conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of M.hupehensis Rehd.And the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.