非充分灌溉条件下水稻根系生长发育特征研究

以广西桂林站水稻非充分灌溉试验的实测资料为基础，分析比较了不同稻田水分条件下水稻根系的形态、类型、根系数量及分布特点，同时，对非充分灌溉条件下水稻根系的生长发育特征及其对产量影响的机理进行了初步研究。其结果对指导有效、省水的稻田灌溉具有重要意义。     

不同供磷水平小麦苗期根系特征与其相对产量的关系

研究了缺磷条件下不同基因型小麦苗期根系形态学及生理学适应特征 ,结果表明 :在缺磷环境中 ,小麦根轴数量和侧根长度明显减小 ,同化物向根部的分配比例增加 ,根轴长度、侧根数量和根系长度等均是显著提高。供试基因型小麦的根轴数量及其长度的差异在每个供磷水平及不同供磷水平之间均是显著的 ,说明这两种性状的差异是由基因型和环境因素共同决定的 ;而侧根特征的差异只在不同供磷水平之间是显著的 ,表明侧根性状主要是受环境因素控制的。对 6种基因型小麦的研究表明 ,高磷水平的小麦种子根的生长角度明显低于低磷处理的小麦 ,根角之间存在着显著的基因型差异。在缺磷条件下 ,6种基因型小麦完整根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性、根轴数量、根轴长度、根生长角度和根系长度之间均存在着显著的基因型差异。相关分析表明 ,缺磷条件下的小麦苗期根系形态指标和根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性的交互作用与小麦的相对产量之间具有显著的线性关系 ,这种关系说明以上 5种性状均可作为早期有效地筛选磷高效小麦品种的指标     

Variation for plant characters and for performance of softwood cuttings of Rosa canina ‘Inermis’ seedlings

Summary Thirty, one-season-old Rosa canina Inermis seedlings (8–12 mm in diameter) were grown in the greenhouse. After 5 months, single-node softwood cuttings were made of each plant. Analysis of variance demonstrated marked differences between the internode length, number of leaflets per leaf and the leaf area of the original seedling, and between the time of axillary bud-break, axillary sprout length and weight of adventitious roots of their 23-day-old cuttings. Clonal root weight of cuttings was highly significantly correlated with: number of leaflets per leaf (r=–0.65), leaf area (r=+0.65), and days to axillary bud-break (r=+0.62). The origin of heterogeneity among Inermis seedling rootstocks, its probable effect on the flower production of cut roses and its possible use in the selection for clonal rootstocks are discussed.     

Effects of Tillage and Fertilization on Biomass, Roots, N-Accumulation and Nodule Bacteria of Vetch (Vicia sativa cv. Alexander)

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage (ploughing followed by one rotary hoeing (CT), rotary hoeing (MT) and no-tillage (NT)) and type of fertilization (NP 154/75 kg ha⁻¹, digested farmyard manure 30 t ha⁻¹) on growth (biomass and roots), N-accumulation and nodulation of vetch plants (Vicia sativa cv. Alexander) at different stages. The highest dry matter yields and root weight were determined for the NT and the lowest for the CT systems. The NT system promoted nodulation of vetch plants to a higher degree than the MT and CT systems. At the time just before harvesting, the N-accumulation in the above ground plants, was 54.3 for CT, 76.7 for MT, and 109.0 kg ha⁻¹ for NT, and the corresponding values at roots were 73.3, 112.0 and 173.3 kg ha⁻¹. Growth and nodulation of vetch plants was in general much better on farmyard manure plots than it was with the NP fertilization. The closest correlation coefficients between dry matter of biomass and roots on the one hand, and number of nodules and percentage N in roots on the other, were found with NT. The highest correlation between nodulation and percentage N in roots (r = 0.91***) was observed at the 128-days-old vetch plants. The highest correlation between the number of nodules and percentage N in biomass (r = 0.82**) was found at the beginning of the plants' flowering period. *, **, *** indicate significance at P = 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively.     

沙棘微繁育苗产业化试验研究——水培沙棘茎段插穗不定根发生的机理

本文用水培方法研究了沙棘短茎段插穗生根的机理。结果表明,在用外源激素处理、控温控湿条件下,沙棘可以用极短的茎段(1～3芽段)插穗产生不定根,进而形成新的植物。沙棘插穗不定根形成有两种方式:一是茎段切面先产生愈伤组织,然后再分化为不定根;二是直接由茎皮层内分生组织产生不定根;且不定根产生具"茎多部位生根效应"。沙棘插穗不定根形成属于"温度敏感型",最适温度为16℃～26℃。外源激素对沙棘短茎段插穗生根表现出良好的诱导效应,而且对插穗苗的生长发育一定的影响,ABT优于GGR;"壮根素"效果优于生根粉,不仅促进发根,而且促进成熟不定根的早期结瘤。     

我国基层农机维修能力分析与维修质量提升途径

近年来,我国农业机械的使用量明显增加,为农业生产的顺利开展提供了有力保证,与此同时农机维修服务工作也得到了长足发展,但与农机技术和农机保有量的快速进步相比,基层农机维修能力仍不尽人意,全面提升基层农机维修能力意义重大.农机维修的质量直接关系到农业机械的使用状态,对于农业生产的顺利实施影响很大,为进一步提升我国农业机械化...     

稀土元素在组织培养中的作用研究进展

通过分析稀土元素对组培苗增殖及生长的促进作用、对不定根的形成的影响、对组培苗叶绿素形成及相关酶活性的促进等方面,综述了稀土元素在组织培养中的作用。     

绿竹笋期生物学特性观察研究

连续三年观察研究表明:(1)绿竹秆基笋目数量在4～10个之间,笋目萌动始于二月底,总萌动率79.3％,发笋数占萌动数的73.0％。(2)绿竹笋期长达5个月,可分为初期、盛期、递减期和末期四个阶段,盛期出笋株数和重量分别占72.0％和75.9％,比其他竹种更为集中。(3)绿竹一年生母竹发笋量占总重量的92.1％,二年生占7.9％。(4)竹丛的总出笋数和重量与座底竹数量具有正相关关系,r_1=0.7582,r_2=0.7279。株平均出笋数和重量与座底竹数量具有负相关关系,r_3=-0.6124,r_4=-0.6418。(5)绿竹幼竹高生长历时85天左右,总生长量达950cm,日均生长量11.2cm,日最大生长量24cm。幼竹夜间生长量比白天快1.7倍。     

THE INFLUENCE OF TYLOSES ON THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES

This article deals with the results of time studies of pruning P. radiata from 22 ft. to 35 ft. with pole saws. The influence on pruning time of mean diameter and number of branches removed in the pruning operation, number of cones removed and time of day is investigated and a multiple regression equation, expressing the relationship between pruning time and these variables, is computed. A taper table is prepared and used to investigate the effect of pruning on the formation of knot-free timber. The economics of high-pruning is discussed.     

Short Root Densities and Surface Phosphatase Activities of Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes in a Slash Pine Plantation

Abstract

Mineralization is the dominant process controlling soil-solution P in the Spodosols of the southeastern United States. Pine trees growing in these soils are typically colonized by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi that are known to produce phosphatases. Little, however, is known of the dynamics of EM short roots or phosphatase activity in tree plantations. To address this question, short root densities, EM morphotypes, and associated surface acid phosphomonoesterase in a 12-year-old Pinus elliottii plantation in northern Florida were evaluated. The density of total (living and dead) short roots changed little from February through June, with a mean of 7.6 cm³ soil. The majority of the short roots, however, were inactive or dead with only 14 to 38% appearing viable upon visual inspection. The majority of the viable short roots were mycorrhizal. The most abundant morphotypes were formed by Cenococcum and Thelephora but these had low phosphatase activity. In contrast, less frequently observed morphotypes had substantially higher rates of enzyme production and these may play an important role in sustainable P nutrition of plantation trees.