基于模糊数学感官评价和混料设计的低度甜糯玉米酒原料配方优化

为了优化以鲜食甜糯玉米为主要原料制备甜糯玉米酒的原料配方。试验运用模糊数学原理,将甜糯玉米酒感官品质数学抽象量化,以量化后的感官品质为指标,通过混料试验设计,建立原料配方与感官品质之间的回归模型。结果表明:该模型的拟合程度好(R=0.984 4,P0.001),可用于预测和分析甜糯玉米酒的感官品质。经模型优化可得,感官品质评价为"好"的甜糯玉米酒原料配方为鲜食糯玉米(66%)、鲜食甜玉米(17%)和糯米(17%)。本研究酿造的甜糯玉米酒的酒精度仅为4.75%,远低于一般低度酒,符合现代人的饮酒需求。     

几种缓释肥在盐碱地区夏玉米栽培中的应用研究

[目的]为玉米生产提供技术指导。[方法]采用田间试验，研究4种玉米专用缓释肥对夏玉米的影响。[结果]4种缓释肥处理的增产效果都好于常规施肥，增产幅度为1．O％～24．8％。[结论]效果最好的是芭田复合长效I型缓释肥，比常规施肥增产24．8％。     

Improved Cold and Drought Tolerance of Doubled Haploid Maize Plants Selected for Resistance to Prooxidant tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide

To improve the abiotic stress tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.), doubled haploid (DH) plants were produced by in vitro selection of microspores exposed to tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BuOOH) as a powerful prooxidant This study investigated the tolerance of the progenies of t‐BuOOH‐selected DH lines to oxidative stress, cold and drought in controlled environment pot experiments by analyses of photosynthetic electron transport and CO₂ assimilation processes, chlorophyll bleaching and lipid peroxidation of leaves. Our results demonstrated that the t‐BuOOH‐selected DH plants exhibited enhanced tolerance not only to oxidative stress‐induced by t‐BuOOH but also to cold and drought stresses. In addition, they showed elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S‐transferase when compared with the DH lines derived from microspores that were not exposed to t‐BuOOH and to the original hybrid plants. The results suggest that the simultaneous up‐regulation of several antioxidant enzymes may contribute to the oxidative and cold stress tolerance of the t‐BuOOH‐selected DH lines, and that the in vitro microspore selection represents a potential way to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize.     

硫酸锰溶液处理对玉米种子抗氧化酶活性的影响

Two kinds of corn were used as materials,changes of SOD,CAT,POD and MDA Contents after Germination of maize seeds in five different concentrations of manganese sulphate were studied.The results show that the content of MDA was significantly different among different varieties,difference was very significant compared with control.The activities of antioxidant enzymes of HuangJinNuo 1 first increased then decreased after treated with manganese sulfate,while that of YinLong BaiYuNou continuous elevation,the resistance of Maize after manganese sulphate increased during germination.     

The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

春白萝卜新品种雪单3 号的选育

雪单3 号是利用双单倍体育种技术选育的春白萝卜新品种。母本ED0108A 是以梅花春萝卜× 白玉春萝卜进行花药培
养获得的DH 系为轮回父本，与不育系进行多次回交，转育成的雄性不育系。父本ED3128 是由迟花春萝卜× 天鸿春萝卜进行
花药培养获得的DH 系。该品种生育期60 d（天），植株开展度45 cm，裂叶，小叶11 对，叶片数20，叶簇平展，叶色深绿；
肉质根长圆柱形，白皮白肉，根长36 cm，横径7.1 cm，单根质量1.1 kg，高抗黑腐病、芜菁花叶病毒病、黄瓜花叶病毒病和花
椰菜花叶病毒病，抗霜霉病，群体整齐度高。每667 m² 产量4 000～5 000 kg。适宜在湖北、湖南、河南、山东等地区早春栽培。     

不同生物刺激剂对鲜食玉米产量和品质的影响

为研究生物刺激剂对玉米的增产提质效果,试验探讨不同生物刺激剂对玉米的产量和品质方面的影响,为鲜食玉米的优质高产栽培提供技术支撑。以鲜食玉米‘钱江糯3号’为试验品种,以3种生物刺激剂（阿美滋、美基、保康灵1号）为供试药剂,设置6个处理（阿美滋1000倍液、阿美滋1500倍液、阿美滋2000倍液、美基3000倍液、保康灵1号300倍液、清水对照）,研究大田常规施肥水平下药剂对‘钱江糯3号’的经济性状、产量及品质的影响。在阿美滋1500倍液喷施下,玉米的行粒数、单穗鲜重和单穗净重、产量均最高,蛋白质含量、粗纤维含量、还原糖含量、淀粉含量均居第3位;在保康灵1号300倍液喷施下,玉米的穗粗最高,单穗鲜重、单穗净重、产量均居第2位,蛋白质含量最高,脂肪含量最低,还原糖含量居第2位。阿美滋1500倍液在增加玉米产量上是最佳选择,保康灵1号300倍液则对提升玉米品质最有效果。建议生产上将阿美滋1500倍液与保康灵1号300倍液配合施用,这对鲜食玉米的增产提质效果最好。     

Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, ~(13)C-photosynthate distribution,and grain yield of summer maize

Intercropping is used widely by smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase land productivity and profitability. We conducted a maize/peanut intercropping experiment in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Shandong, China. Treatments included sole maize(SM), sole peanut(SP), and an intercrop consisting of four rows of maize and six rows of peanut(IM and IP). The results showed that the intercropping system had yield advantages based on the land equivalent ratio(LER) values of 1.15 and 1.16 in the two years, respectively. Averaged over the two years, the yield of maize in the intercropping was increased by 61.05% compared to that in SM, while the pod yield of peanut was decreased by 31.80% compared to SP. Maize was the superior competitor when intercropped with peanut, and its productivity dominated the yield of the intercropping system in our study. The increased yield was due to a higher kernel number per ear(KNE). Intercropping increased the light transmission ratio(LTR) of the ear layer in the maize canopy, the active photosynthetic duration(APD), and the harvest index(HI) compared to SM. In addition, intercropping promoted the ratio of dry matter accumulation after silking and the distribution of ~(13) C-photosynthates to grain compared to SM. In conclusion, maize/peanut intercropping demonstrated the potential to improve the light condition of maize, achieving enhanced photosynthetic characteristics that improved female spike differentiation, reduced barrenness, and increased KNE. Moreover, dry matter accumulation and ~(13) C-photosynthates distribution to grain of intercropped maize were improved, and a higher grain yield was ultimately obtained.     

云阳县玉米高产栽培技术探讨

云阳县是一个贫困落后山区县,为了改善生态环境,合理利用山区自然资源,保证粮食安全与农民增收,介绍了云阳县玉米高产栽培技术,提出进一步发展玉米生产的几点建议,以指导当地玉米生产。