基于Matlab/GUI的汽油机缸内直接喷雾图像处理方法

设计了基于Matlab/GUI的汽油机缸内直接喷雾图像实时处理程序,实现了图像处理的可视化操作。由于汽油挥发性较强,使得汽油机缸内直接喷雾图像相对柴油喷雾图像而言,雾形边界相对模糊,且喷雾图像信噪比较差。为准确提取汽油机缸内直接喷雾研究中所需的喷雾贯穿距、喷雾锥角、周长以及面积等参数,需要在图像处理过程中精确地提取喷雾边界,为此进行了精确的噪声滤波、边缘检测、形态学优化等图像处理。在确定雾形边界后,进一步编写程序计算出喷雾贯穿距、喷雾锥角、喷射速度等参数,实现了喷雾特性参数的实时测量。     

基于 Polysun 5太阳能干燥系统的设计与仿真

利用太阳能对农副产品进行干燥,是太阳能热利用的方式之一。其与自然晾晒相比,能有效地提高干燥效率和干燥品质;与常规热风干燥相比,可以有效节省煤电的消耗,减少温室气体的排放量。为此,首先利用传热学相关理论对枸杞干燥过程进行理论计算;然后,根据得到的基础数据,利用Polysun 5辅助设计一种满足枸杞干燥需要的太阳能-燃气锅炉组合干燥系统;最后,对该系统进行仿真分析。仿真结果证明,与常规热风干燥系统相比,该太阳能组合干燥系统在1个干燥周期内,可减少二氧化碳排放28．22kg,节省能源费用180元,节电390kW· h,经济性较好。     

我国热风干燥技术的应用研究进展

阐述热风干燥技术的工作原理,介绍近年来我国热风干燥技术在农副产品（木材、食品、粮食、药材、种子）等加工领域的应用及研究现状,分析目前热风干燥技术存在的突出问题,并对其今后的应用发展趋势进行展望。     

热泵干燥南美白对虾品质特性与玻璃化转变关系研究

针对南美白对虾热泵干燥过程中常出现物理、化学反应导致虾肉品质下降,而其机理又尚未明确的问题,采用静态称量法研究了南美白对虾肉的解吸等温线,利用差示扫描量热仪测定了虾肉的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。分别采用GAB模型与Gordon-Taylor方程拟合水分吸附与Tg数据。虾肉在热泵干燥温度35℃、风速1.5 m/s下进行干燥,每隔1.0 h取样,分析虾肉品质特性(色泽、收缩程度、硬度与韧性和虾青素质量比)。基于玻璃化转变理论,阐明虾肉热泵干燥品质变化机制。结果表明,虾肉热泵干燥过程中,基质处于橡胶态,体系流动性增加,导致干制品品质下降。     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Fresh tomatoes

°

From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

•

Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

发酵糟渣旋流闪蒸干燥及其热物性参数的快速测定

介绍了利用旋流闪蒸干燥器干燥发酵糟渣时，气流与物料间放热系数及糟渣物料热传导率、热扩散系数的简便快速测定方法。     

玉米丸粒化种子的薄层干燥试验及其干燥模型

玉米丸粒化种子刚制成后其含水率比较大，必须及时干燥。其干燥工艺的合理选择对提高干燥效率，减少能耗，保证质量非常重要。采用正交试验的方法，对玉米丸粒化种子进行了3因素3水平的干燥试验，得出其干燥曲线为指数曲线，并分析各试验因素对干燥特性的影响。同时对不同风温下的干燥曲线进行了模型比较，采用多元线性回归分析程序，经拟合得出适合于玉米丸粒化种子的数学模型为Page模型。玉米丸粒化种子干燥特性不同于非丸粒化种子，丸粒化种子有其特定的薄层干燥方程。该模型能较好地预测各干燥阶段的干燥速率及含湿量，确定合理的干燥工艺以便调控干燥环境，达到高效低耗的目的。     

加入WTO后我国农产品干燥产业的发展趋势

加入WTO后，我国的农产品干燥行业既面临着竞争力极强的国际大公司的挑战，又面临着市场容量扩大，充分利用后发优势赶超国际先进技术和管理方式的机遇。国内干燥企业应转变观念，调整产业结构和市场结构，进行市场整合，提高技术和服务水平，增强国际竞争力。政府应加强对农业服务体系的扶持，引进外资项目，促进干燥行业的发展。     

新型脉动流化干燥机设计与试验

研制了一种新型脉动流化干燥机，解决了气流旋转阀分配器的设计、脉动气流在干燥机床面上的分布和流动方向、瞬时脉动气流速度的周期变化与床层物料状态的配合、物料在床面上的运动和连续输送等问题。与气流干燥机和振动流化床干燥机相比，该种干燥机不仅具有结构简单、重量轻、整机无振动件、床层压降小、干燥均匀等优点，而且节能优势明显。     

谷物干燥控制的研究与探索

本文通过对谷物干燥过程所涉及的控制策略进行全面分析和总结，针对现存问题。提出了模糊控制、神经网络和遗传算法综合应用于谷物干燥过程控制的发展前景。