黄海北部发现的中华白海豚Ⅰ.外形和内脏器官的测定结果

中华白海豚(SousaChinensis)属于国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,在中国主要分布于广西、海南、广东、香港、澳门、台湾、福建、浙江沿岸,向北可达长江口。2003年5月9日在黄海北部(北纬39°35′01″,东经122°51′50″),由于渔业生产误捕的中华白海豚,是迄今为止该种发现的最北记录,笔者报告了对该海豚的外形和内脏器官测定结果。     

Introduction and comparison of two methods of assessment of coronary lesions in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L

This study investigated and compared quantitative and semi-quantitative coronary lesion evaluation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. A total of 121 immature farmed and 47 sexually mature wild Atlantic salmon were included. Coronary arteries from all fish were morphometrically evaluated using a semi-quantitative method. A subsample of 76 salmon was additionally evaluated using a quantitative method. Another subsample of 71 salmon was used for reliability testing of the semi-quantitative method. Ten cross-sections of coronary arteries located on the ventral surface of the bulbus arteriosus were semi-quantitatively scored with regard to myointimal coronary lesions. Quantitative measurements comprised maximal intimal thickness and area lesion (%) while semi-quantitative measurements comprised maximal intimal thickness and lesion degree (%). Scores for individual fish were expressed as the average of lesion score, denoted as mean range lesion. One person performed all evaluations blindly. Two pathologists tested repeatability of the semi-quantitative lesion score measurements blindly. Both semi-quantitative and quantitative variables increased significantly with increasing lesion score. Semi-quantitative estimation gave significantly higher maximal intimal thickness values than quantitative measurement. Semi-quantitative measurements were found to explain 63.2% of variation in quantitatively measured maximal intimal thickness. Due to lack of agreement, the two methods are not directly comparable and one method cannot replace the other. Repeatability within and between observers with regard to semi-quantitative classification was very good with Kappa values larger than 61.5%. The semi-quantitative method was a valid and reliable method for coronary lesion evaluation in Atlantic salmon.     

Calcium currents and exocytosis in single isolated pars intermedia cells from tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

The role of calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium ion channels in the exocytotic response of single isolated pars intermedia cells from the teleost tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was investigated by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and high resolution electrical measurements. Calcium currents differed from barium currents in several ways: the peak I_Ca was smaller, the current-voltage relationship for calcium attained its maximum at +10 mV instead of 0 mV, and the inward calcium current inactivated more rapidly. Electron micrographs showed that pars intermedia cells possess dense, encored vesicles with an average diameter of 140 nm. Influx of calcium resulted in an increased cell membrane capacitance (C_m) after the depolarizing period, indicating a fast exocytotic response. Comparison with late recordings revealed the presence of a transient in C_m, presumably attributable to movement of ion channel gates. The average increase in C_m was 13.4 fF, suggesting the fusion of at least 23 vesicles with the plasma membrane during the depolarizing pulse. In contrast to calcium, barium did not support significant exocytosis. We conclude that calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels rapidly leads to the exocytosis of secretory vesicles from tilapia pars intermedia cells.     

Analysis of series of variety trials with perennial crops

Field trials with perennial crops give rise to repeated measurements taken on the same plot on several occasions. It is important to account for serial correlation among repeated measurements in such trials. This study illustrates the use of mixed models for this purpose. We consider the analysis of trials conducted at several locations and the combination of trials with different starting years. A key issue in the analysis is the distinction between effects of calendar years, which are associated with external environmental variation, and harvest years, which represent internal yield formation processes of the perennial crop. Two methods of two‐stage analysis are compared with single‐stage analysis. It is shown that results of two‐stage analysis are very similar to those of single‐stage analysis, if serial correlation is properly taken into account. Program code for the MIXED procedure of the SAS system is given in an Appendix S1 for all considered cases.     

模拟多光谱卫星传感器数据的冬小麦白粉病遥感监测

为了解利用遥感技术快速大范围监测小麦白粉病病害情况的可行性,以Landsat5TM波段响应函数为基础,将地面实测冠层高光谱数据模拟为TM多光谱数据,从而分析卫星传感器多光谱波段对病害的响应情况,并构建多光谱指数(PMSI)估测白粉病严重度。在此基础上,采用2010年星-地配套数据对PMSI估测精度进行验证。结果表明,PMSI能够较准确地反映冬小麦白粉病发生的程度,获得较理想的病情严重度反演精度(r2=0.475,RMSE=0.129)。因此采用多光谱卫星遥感影像在小麦大面积种植区域进行病害监测具有应用潜力。     

Analysis of Spectral Characteristics Based on Optical Remote Sensing and SAR Image Fusion

Because of cloudy and rainy weather in south China, optical remote sens-ing images often can＇t be obtained easily. With the regional trial results in Baoying, Jiangsu province, this paper explored the fusion model and effect of ENVISAT/SAR and HJ-1A satel ite multispectral remote sensing images. Based on the ARSIS strat-egy, using the wavelet transform and the Interaction between the Band Structure Model （IBSM）, the research progressed the ENVISAT satel ite SAR and the HJ-1A satel ite CCD images wavelet decomposition, and low/high frequency coefficient re-construction, and obtained the fusion images through the inverse wavelet transform. In the light of low and high-frequency images have different characteristics in differ-ent areas, different fusion rules which can enhance the integration process of self-adaptive were taken, with comparisons with the PCA transformation, IHS transfor-mation and other traditional methods by subjective and the corresponding quantita-tive evaluation. Furthermore, the research extracted the bands and NDVI values around the fusion with GPS samples, analyzed and explained the fusion effect. The results showed that the spectral distortion of wavelet fusion, IHS transform, PCA transform images was 0.101 6, 0.326 1 and 1.277 2, respectively and entropy was 14.701 5, 11.899 3 and 13.229 3, respectively, the wavelet fusion is the highest. The method of wavelet maintained good spectral capability, and visual effects while improved the spatial resolution, the information interpretation effect was much better than other two methods.     

优质鸡多元杂交组合性能测试及筛选

选用选育的优质鸡S3、W、S09、F及B系组成二元杂交组合:W♂×S09♀、S3♂×S09♀、W♂×B♀,及3个三元杂交组合:B♂×(W♂×S09♀)♀、F♂×(S3♂×S09♀)♀、S09♂×(W♂×B♀)♀,分别于12周龄对各杂交组合鸡的外观、生长及肉用性能进行测试。结果表明,继二元杂交基础上进行的三元杂交组公母鸡综合性能得到显著改善。外貌及体型方面:体斜长、龙骨长及胸深均相应提高,变异系数则相对更小,整体更趋于细致紧凑、均匀齐整;生长及肉用性能方面:12周龄时3组三系杂交公鸡体重分别为1385.50 g、1507.36 g和1482.02 g,相比于二系提高了23.5%、17.7%和35.7%,母鸡体重分别为1112.68 g、1197.69 g和1120.36 g,提高了27.9%、25.4%和26.1%,屠宰率、半净膛率及腹脂率等指标也均有不同程度的提高;三元杂交组合F♂×(S3♂×S09♀)组的体型、生长、饲料转化及肉用性能等均优于B♂×(W♂×S09♀)♀和S09♂×(W♂×B♀)♀组,其中12周龄3组公母鸡平均体重依次为1352.53 g、1249.09 g和1301.19 g,3组腹脂率为0.94%、0.60%和0.78%,两项指标F♂×(S3♂×S09♀)组显著占优(P0.05);饲料报酬分别为3.08、3.05和3.13,F♂×(S3♂×S09♀)同样最高,但未达到显著差异(P0.05),各组成活率都达到90.6%以上的较好水平。本试验为黄羽优质鸡配套系的组建提供了参考依据,达到了研究的预期目标。     

棉花叶片厚度的高光谱测试方法

植物叶片厚度的变化能够指示植物生长状态的改变,为了实时、活体、无损地获取叶片厚度,该研究以棉花叶片为研究对象,利用DPS、Origin统计分析软件分析84组光谱数据与叶片厚度的相关性。研究表明,光谱反射率与叶片厚度在可见光350～369 nm及664～689 nm 2个较窄区域达到了极显著正相关关系,在红外917～1 884、2 048～2 380 nm 2个区域呈极显著负相关关系,总体相关程度红外波段高于可见光波段。红边参数与叶片厚度的相关性不高,24个形状参数与厚度达到了极显著相关水平,其中,中心为980 nm的吸收谷面积与叶片厚度相关度最高,相关系数为0.848。分别用反射率、植被指数、光谱形状参数建立并测试3个估算模型,相对误差最高为7.4%,均方根差最高为0.051 mm。结果表明利用高光谱分析技术,可以实现叶片厚度的快速、活体测量。