物种或种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠的计测模型

提出生态位宽度和生态位重叠的新定义及其若干测度模型.对不同学者提出的许多测度生态位宽度和生态位重叠的模型进行分析和评述.迄今为止,在国内限于单一生态资源轴上的生态位参数计测研究很多,随着多维生态位计测方法的不断发展,物种或种群在多维生态空间内的生态位宽度和生态位重叠计测,将备受关注.     

Environmental and spatial characterisation of bacterial community composition in soil to inform sampling strategies

Soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities are highly heterogeneous and vary widely over spatial scales, necessitating careful consideration of sampling strategies to provide representative and reproducible soil samples across field sites. To achieve this, the study aimed to establish appropriate sampling methodology and to determine links between the variability of parameters, utilising two sampling strategies. The first (design 1) involved extracting 25 cores from random locations throughout the field and pooling them into five sets of five cores. The second (design 2) involved a further 25 cores within five 1 m² sub-plots. Sub-samples from each sub-plot were pooled in order to determine between and within sub-plot variability. All samples were analysed independently and as pooled sub-samples. Results indicate that pooling spatially separated samples significantly reduced the variability in pH, compared to individual samples. Pooling samples from a small area resulted in lower within sub-plot variability than between sub-plots for pH and bacterial community composition assessed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Following multivariate statistical analysis, a large amount of variation in community composition was explained by soil pH, which is remarkable given the relatively small size of the sampling area and minor differences in pH. Moisture content was also important in determining bacterial communities in the random design (design 1). In the 1 m² sub-plot design (design 2), the spatial location of the plots explained a large degree of the variation in bacterial community composition between plots, which was due to spatial autocorrelation of pH and possible additional environmental parameters. This study emphasises the importance of sampling design for obtaining representative samples from soil.     

长江三角洲地区土壤环境质量与修复研究Ⅴ.废旧电子产品拆解场周边农田土壤含氯有机污染物残留特征

对长江三角洲地区某废旧电容器拆解场地周边农田基本保护区表层水稻土中含氯有机化合物的组成及含量进行初步研究。结果表明,供试土壤中20种PCBs总含量在84.19~377.4μg kg-1之间,平均含量为204.8μg kg-1,其中二氯、三氯、四氯代同系物总和占总PCBs的73.7%~96.2%,存在着PCBs的外源输入。HCH的总含量为10.61~33.11μg kg-1,DDT总含量为11.36~33.28μg kg-1,残留水平较低,但β-HCH、γ-HCH、∑HCH和∑DDT的平均含量均高于荷兰土壤标准的目标值。此外,DDT与土壤有机碳呈显著负相关,而其他含氯有机化合物的含量并未呈现出与土壤有机碳的相关性。     

基于AHP和GIS的省级耕地质量评价研究——以吉林省为例

传统的耕地质量评价方法有评价范围小、周期长、时效性差、耗费大量的人力物力等特点。本文以吉林省为例,探讨基于GIS空间分析技术、层次分析法(AHP)和遥感数据的省级耕地质量评价理论框架体系,通过提取各项评价指标信息,进行空间权重叠加,获得最小评价单元,最后将耕地质量划分为5个等级,其中一二三级分别占18.87%,28.67%和33.15%。其研究结果表明,吉林省耕地质量空间分布有一定的规律性,中部耕地质量等级高于东西部,西部整体上好于东部。各县市的分布特点与其耕地质量分布具有较强的一致性,其结果验证了使用遥感数据评价耕地质量的适用性。该方法克服了传统耕地质量评价的局限性,基于层次分析和GIS空间分析的方法简单快速,时效性强,适用于省级耕地质量评价。     

我国夏季降水类型初探（英文）

[Objective] Study on the spatial distribution of summer precipitation patterns and interannual and interdecadal variability.[Method] The summer precipitation patterns were obtained from standard field of summer precipitation data for 160 observation stations in China during 1951-2000 by the utilization of empirical orthogonal function(EOF),and characteristics of interannual and interdecadal variability were analyzed.[Result] The summer precipitation mainly distributes in eastern part of China;The 1st,2nd and 3rd EOF modes of spatial distribution are especially remarkable as well consistent with the results of previous reports about three rainfall patterns from analysis on the percentages of precipitation anomaly of summer.[Conclusion] There exists interannual and interdecadal variability for summer precipitation in China.     

顾及空间效应的县域收入分布时空演进研究——以广西为例

运用随机Kernel密度函数,将空间因素引入研究框架,对1998~2005年广西县域收入分布演进进行分析。结果表明,广西县域收入差距具有持续稳固的特点;区域收入分布演进总体呈单峰俱乐部收敛,表现出多俱乐部收敛的趋势,贫穷俱乐部的规模远大于其他较高收入俱乐部;县域收入分布演进明显具有空间依赖性,近邻效应显著,邻域富裕的县域向较高收入水平演进的机会较大,并且导致县域经济增长表现为局部空间俱乐部收敛特征。     

GIS空间分析研究进展综述

主要分析GIS空间分析的内容、技术方法、应用模型和实现方式,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

辽宁农田土壤全量养分空间分布

[目的]揭示土壤全量养分空间分布的异质性,为农田的科学管理及提高作物产量提供理论依据。[方法]通过GIS技术,分析了辽宁省不同土壤深度全碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的空间分布状况。[结果]不同土壤深度全碳、全氮和全磷呈现出东高西低的分布趋势,但全钾在辽西分布较高。土壤表层（0-20 cm）全碳、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均高于下层（20-40 cm）。全钾随土壤深度变化量较小,其表层和下层平均含量分别为17.64和17.08 g/kg。[结论]不同土壤深度全量养分的分布特征为农田管理提供了理论依据。     

NARSES模型在我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放估算中的应用研究

采用英国国家氨减排措施评价系统（NARSES）模型,计算出我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放量,排放强度时空分布。结果表明,2001年我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放量为1．60×10^9kg,其中排放量最大的月份为8月,占全年的17％,排放强度最大的地区为广东、河北、山东、河南、江苏和福建。     

小兴安岭针阔混交林择伐6a后林地土壤呼吸速率空间变异性

利用土壤CO2排放通量全自动测量系统LI-8100,测定了黑龙江省带岭林业局东方红林场不同采伐强度林地的土壤呼吸速率、土壤分室呼吸速率以及土壤表层下10 cm处的温度和湿度,进而研究了择伐作业后林地土壤呼吸速率空间变异性及影响因素.结果表明:伐后6 a,林地土壤呼吸空间变异性显著,但与采伐强度无显著相关性,影响样方间林...