二乔木兰花粉萌发特性及其保存方法的研究

通过使用不同的培养基,采用液体培养法研究了蔗糖、硼酸和钙离子对二乔木兰花粉萌发的影响。将所用花粉分为两组,组1于8:00采集,组2于16:00采集,结果表明:一定浓度的蔗糖、硼酸和钙离子对花粉的萌发有较大的促进作用,但超过一定浓度时则起抑制作用,二乔木兰花粉萌发的最适培养基为30 g·L~-1蔗糖 100mg·L~-1硼酸 500 mg·L~-1Ca~2 ,在该培养基内,组1花粉的萌发率为46．21%±1．86%,花粉管长度为1156．25Um;组2花粉的萌发率仅为14．22%±1．86%,花粉管长度为1022um。此外,在其离体萌发过程中,二乔木兰花粉存在花粉管双萌发的现象。用不同的花粉保存方法保存二乔木兰花粉后,发现干燥处理后于-18℃下保存的花粉活性最高,30d后仍有6．92%±0．75%的萌发率,而于常温25℃下保存的花粉10d后就基本失活,说明低温干燥保存是保存二乔木兰花粉活性的有效途径。     

破壁云南松花粉成分分析及其安全性和功能评价

对破壁云南松花粉的营养和功能成分、食用安全性以及功能学检测证实，云南松花粉营养及功能成分全面、丰富，食用安全并具抗疲劳、调节血脂、延缓衰老、提高人体免疫功能的药用及保健功效。     

Does streptobacillary arthritis reduce house mouse population density,activity and damage to sorghum crops?

An experiment to examine the effect of streptobacillary arthritis on mouse populations was conducted in maturing sorghum crops in mouse-proofed pens. There were three treatment pens and three control pens in which mice with and without clinical signs of streptobacillary arthritis were introduced, respectively. A constant mouse density (533 mice ha⁻¹) was introduced to the pens by releasing 12 mice in each pen. The sex ratio of introduced mice was also constant by releasing in each pen nine males and three females. Mean track index was lower in treatment pens than in control pens, indicating that streptobacillary arthritis reduced the activity of mice. However, this was not translated into a reduction in other population responses. Mean mouse density at harvest, percentage of female pregnant at harvest, yield loss caused by mice and a feeding index (oil card index) did not differ significantly between treatment and control groups. A plausible explanation for these findings was that mice with the clinical signs might be less active but were able to consume as much grains as mice without the clinical signs because food was in abundant supply.     

松花粉工艺处理对防控印度谷螟的效果

印度谷螟是松花粉的重要仓储害虫,为有效控制仓储害虫,确保产品质量安全,进行了干燥、过筛、灭菌及破壁等松花粉产品主要工艺过程防控印度谷螟的试验。结果表明:在松花粉产品加工流程中,采用180目以上筛网过筛,49 ℃、120 min加温干燥,12 kGy ⁶⁰Coγ辐照灭菌,机械破壁或压片成型,7 g·m^-3、6.5 h硫酰氟熏蒸或-8 ℃、24 h冷冻贮藏等任一工艺处理,都能防杀印度谷螟卵或幼虫。各措施组合应用能有效防控印度谷螟侵入或危害,且经济、实用和安全。     

鹅掌楸属两种植物花粉品质和花粉管生长的研究

应用ＦＤＡ荧光染色法、离体和活体培养及看护培养等方法检验了鹅掌楸属两种木本植物花粉的品质，观察了开花期间花粉品质的变化，同时也观察统计了自然和人工授粉情况下，花粉在柱头上萌发及花粉管在花柱中生长的情况。研究结果表明：在离体条件下，柱头和子房对花粉的萌发和花粉管的生长有明显的促进作用；花粉在自己或异己的柱头和胚珠上萌发均良好，是亲和的，但花粉管通过花柱的比率较低，仅２４％。与本课题前期工作的研究结果相一致。并从数量调查和活体观察两个方面，再一次证实雄配子体的发育水平是影响结籽率的重要因子之一，花柱是不亲合性反应的发生区域。     

Pollen dispersal in a hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seed orchard detected using a chloroplast DNA marker

Pollen dispersal was estimated in two test plots in a hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) seed orchard using a chloroplast DNA marker, the spacer region between thetrnD andtrnY genes, and SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism). In Plot 1, 2,020 seeds from 40 trees within 30 m of the marker tree were analyzed using the PCR-SSCP method. In Plot 2, 1,850 seeds from 37 trees were analyzed in the same manner. The results revealed that the maximum pollen dispersal distance in the two plots exceeded 25 m. Pollen dispersal appeared to be inversely proportional to the distance from the marker tree. The effective pollen dispersal was suggested to be less than about 20 m in a mature hinoki seed orchard. Adjacent trees had an excessive influence when the pollen density was increased by artificial flower stimulation. Therefore, it was suggested that seed production better resembles ideal random mating when carried out as naturally as possible. In conclusion, the SSCP chloroplast DNA marker was a useful tool for amassing basic information on pollen management in seed orchards of coniferous species.     

碱蓬和盐地碱蓬花粉形态研究及其在分类上的贡献

借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了碱蓬属2种植物碱蓬和盐地碱蓬的花粉形态，并对不同生境条件下盐地碱蓬4变式的花粉形态进行了对比研究，研究结果表明：花粉粒外部形态成球形；大小在15.4-24.0μm之间；具有散萌发孔，萌发孔数量在46－55之间，萌发孔直径为3．1－5．4μm；花粉粒表面光滑，其上散布许多颗粒状小突起，萌发孔上亦有数目不等的小突起。以上数值在不同种间有较明显的差异，在盐地碱医宵同生态变式间亦有差异，但差异较小。这些细微的特性差异可为碱蓬属植物分类提供参考依据，是研究该属植物分类及生态的新资料。     

梨花粉量的测定与分析

对阿克苏地区和酒泉地区主栽的香梨及其常用授粉品种以及部分香梨杂种后代（只见于阿克苏地区）的花粉量做了连续2－3年的重复调查。结果表明：10个常规梨品种（含1个野生杜梨）的花粉量平均值为5856，与正常发育类型的杂交株系相当（其花粉量均值为6229），远高于少粒空壳型的杂交株系（其平均花粉量只有1857）；各品种（株系）花偻量年度差异十分明显，变异率从0.29%-141.4%不等；常规梨品种的花粉量年度变异率明显低于杂交株系中花粉正常发育类型，研究表明品种（株系）基因是控制花粉量的主导因子，营养条件、激素失调常影响小孢子的形成与发育。     

竹类植物花粉的生活力和自然授粉

对12种开花竹类植物花粉的败育、生活力和自然授粉进行了观察和试验研究，花药和花粉在离体后生活力保存时间较短，尤其是离体花粉的生活力在1－2h会丧失贻尽，适宜竹花粉萌发的培养液的10％蔗糖液，若再加入5ppm硼酸能明显提高花粉发芽率。篌竹和斑苦 花分别属于花药合并粘连和无花粉的二类雄性不育型，其余10个竹种的花粉中均有三种类型的败育花粉，低温、干旱等不育环境使竹花粉发育受阻，不育花粉率增高，竹花的自然授粉不良，在盛花的竹株上接受不到花粉的竹花占33．3％，在部分开花的竹株上花粉自然授粉率公10％。     

不同枣品种花粉的形态特征和萌发特性

为调控枣花芽分化,为丰产栽培提供理论指导,以鸡蛋枣、以色列1号枣、以色列3号枣、引-10枣、中秋酥脆枣5个枣品种为试材,采用纤维素酶法、电镜扫描、琼脂培养法对其进行花粉量、花粉形态、花粉萌发特性的研究。结果表明:(1)5个枣品种单药花粉量为311~1 115,其中以色列3号枣的花粉量最少,中秋酥脆枣的花粉量最多;(2)5个枣品种的花粉形态为长椭圆形或细长椭圆形,具3条狭长萌发沟,极端不汇合,表面为网状雕纹;(3)不同品种花粉萌发对培养基中硼酸及蔗糖浓度具有选择性,以色列1号枣、引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适硼酸质量浓度为10.0 mg/L,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适硼酸质量浓度分别为30.0、50.0 mg/L。引-10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适蔗糖质量分数分别为20%、15%,以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适蔗糖质量分数为10%。以色列1号枣在各种培养条件下,平均萌发率为2.04%,属于雄性高度不育品种。