水杨酸对赤霞珠葡萄果实内在品质的影响

以酿酒葡萄赤霞珠(Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon)果实为试材,研究不同浓度水杨酸(SA)对葡萄果实内在品质的影响。采用不同浓度(0,1,2,4,5mmol·L-1)SA分别于花后30、60、70和90d浸果5min,测定果实中可溶性糖、可滴定酸和维生素C(Vc)的含量。结果表明,1mmol·L-1、2mmol·L-1水杨酸浸果后,葡萄果实中可溶性糖含量升高,在花后90天分别升高了18.38%和14.23%,与对照相比差异达显著水平;5mmol·L-1水杨酸浸果后花后90天葡萄果实可滴定酸含量降低了5%,但差异不显著;Vc含量在花后60d含量最高,其中2mmol·L-1浸果后效果最明显,升高了23.07%,差异显著。1mmol·L-1的水杨酸分别于花后30d,60d浸果有利于果实内在品质的形成。     

梅花鹿茸可溶性蛋白提取工艺及免疫活性

以梅花鹿茸为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取可溶性蛋白。以鹿茸可溶性蛋白得率为评价指标,通过单因素试验研究提取溶剂浓度、超声提取时间、超声提取功率和液料比对鹿茸可溶性蛋白得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,优化提取工艺条件。结果表明：鹿茸可溶性蛋白的最优提取工艺条件为,以pH＝10．00、0．05 mol· L-1的碳酸盐缓冲溶液为提取溶剂,液料比10∶1,超声提取功率200 W,超声提取时间20 min。在此条件下,鹿茸可溶性蛋白得率为36．849 mg· g-1。体内免疫活性试验表明,鹿茸蛋白提取物能够提高免疫功能低下小鼠的单核巨噬细胞吞噬指数、血清溶菌酶质量浓度、血清及肝组织中酸性磷酸酶活力,具有良好的免疫活性。     

干旱胁迫下2种香蕉幼苗叶片和根的主要渗透调节物质的变化

本文研究了不同干旱胁迫下抗旱性不同的帝王蕉和粉蕉幼苗叶片和根系的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖主要渗透调节物质的含量变化。结果表明：2种香蕉幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而显著增多;根系可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量并未持续上升,而是重度胁迫低于中度胁迫,但仍高于对照和轻度胁迫。干旱胁迫后,除帝王蕉根系可溶性糖含量外,帝王蕉根系可溶性蛋白质、粉蕉根系可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量在3个胁迫程度下增加幅度均大于叶片增加幅度,且粉蕉较帝王蕉更能适应干旱胁迫环境。本文将为香蕉抗旱品种选育和栽培提供一定的理论依据和实践意义。     

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised with Long Mat by Hydroponics: —Comparison with young seedlings raised in soil—

Summary

Growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings raised with long mat by hydroponics (SLH) were compared with those of young seedlings raised in soil (YSS). When SLH and YSS were raised under the similar environmental conditions, the dry weight of shoot in SLH was significantly lighter than that in YSS at the time of seedling harvest, whereas the shoot in SLH was as long as that in YSS. The increase of dry weight of shoot and the decrease of dry weight of grain were smaller in SLH than in YSS during the raising of seedlings. In addition, the content of soluble sugars in the grain of SLH was apparently lower than that of YSS, indicating that the supply of carbohydrates from endosperm to shoot was less in SLH than in YSS. Crop growth rate and mean leaf area index of SLH were lower than those of YSS, while net assimilation rate of SLH was similar to that of YSS. The size of leaf blades in SLH was markedly smaller than that in YSS, whereas no significant difference was observed in the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration in leaf blades between SLH and YSS. The results suggest that the leaf growth of SLH is reduced by the insufficient supply of carbohydrates from endosperm, and this is the major cause of lower levels of dry matter production in SLH as compared with that in YSS.     

磷影响大豆根系分泌有机酸总量和不同根区有机酸量

采用营养液培养的方法,设置由无磷转化为供磷(0-50)和由供磷转换为无磷(50-0)2个处理,分析了磷转换处理对不同根区有机酸的影响.结果表明:大豆生长对磷素的需求非常迫切,50-0处理根系可溶性磷含量相对较高,而0-50处理地上部可溶性磷含量相对较高;50-0处理根系有机酸分泌量较0-50处理大,而且分泌量随着距离根...     

冰核活性细菌(INA bacteria)对杏花器官ABA、IAA和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响

试验以2个杏品种花器官为试材,研究低温及INA细菌处理下,花瓣、雄蕊及雌蕊ABA、IAA、可溶性蛋白质含量变化。结果表明:随温度下降,未接菌杏花器官内ABA和可溶性蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,-5℃是花器官的受害温度。接种INA细菌后,ABA、可溶性蛋白质含量下降,杏花器官在-3~-4℃受到伤害。接种INA细菌与对照花器官间ABA与可溶性蛋白质含量差异达显著或极显著水平。在低温及INA细菌影响下,IAA在杏花器官间无规律变化。     

6—BA对切花菊瓶插期间生理效应的调节

研究了预处理和瓶插处理方式下不同浓度６－ＢＡ对‘四季黄’切花菊瓶插期间花与叶的水分状况等生理效应和瓶插寿命的影响，参数包括：含水量、相对紧张度及饱和亏缺、气孔开度、叶绿素和可溶蛋白动态等。结果表明，６－ＢＡ延衰保鲜作用与上述指标密切相关，预处方式下低浓度６－ＢＡ、特别是１ｍｇ／Ｌ对瓶插品质及寿命影响效果最好，瓶插方式下，超过１ｍｇ／Ｌ即出现抑制效应。讨论了６－ＢＡ缓解叶片早萎的现象。     

干旱区骏枣坐果后期含糖量变化及其理论模式研究

对干旱区栽培的骏枣,在坐果后期进行定期多点测定含糖量变化试验.结果表明:骏枣可溶性固形物的增加有3个明显不同的阶段,其中以第2阶段增长最快,可溶性固形物增量占采收时总含糖量的40.0%,日均增加0.473%.理论模式验证表明,骏枣含糖量增加的规律基本符合Logestics生长方程.     

低温下玉米幼苗叶片某些细胞器可溶性蛋白质的变化

抗冷性不同的玉米自交系在4～5℃低温处理 0、24、48、72小时后,三叶期幼苗叶片各细胞器中可溶性蛋白质的变化存在着明显的差异.不抗冷自交系各细胞器可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低,凝胶电泳有新蛋白质带出现;抗冷自交系可溶性蛋白质含量降低不显著,仅有细胞质部分出现一条新带.蛋白酶活性在低温处理初期降低,24小时后升高,且不抗冷自交系比抗冷自交系升高的速度快.试验证明,可溶性蛋白质含量的变化是鉴定植物抗冷性的重要指标,并发现有新蛋白质的适应谱带,是抗冷蛋白研究的重要基础.     

Cold acclimation of winter and spring peas: carbon partitioning as affected by light intensity

Like most plants, pea (Pisum sativum L.) becomes tolerant to frost if it is first exposed to low non-freezing temperatures, a process known as cold acclimation. Cold acclimation is a complex process involving many physiological and metabolic changes. Two spring dry peas, two winter dry peas and one winter forage line were exposed to cold temperature in a controlled environment in two experiments, one using low light intensity and the other regular light intensity. Plants were harvested throughout the experiment and dry matter accumulation, water content, soluble and insoluble sugar concentrations were determined from shoot and root samples. Cold acclimation did not occur when temperatures were low if light intensity was low, even in winter peas. In contrast, with regular light intensity, the winter peas acquired more freezing tolerance than spring peas and a close relationship was found between the soluble sugar concentration of leaves just before the frost and the degree of freezing tolerance obtained by the different genotypes. Relationships between freezing tolerance and carbon partitioning between shoot and roots are discussed.