Recruitment of catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) larvae on artificial collectors off the NE coast of the Gulf of California

We evaluated recruitment of larvae of catarina scallop, Argopecten ventricosus, in the area of Puerto Peñasco, NE Gulf of California. We moored artificial collectors in six sites from June 2007 to August 2008 and replaced them every 2 months. We used monthly (July 2002–September 2011) sea surface temperature (SST, °C) and surface chlorophyll‐a concentration (SSChl, mg m^?3) Aqua/MODIS satellite data to describe seasonal environmental behaviour study area. Also, we recorded bottom temperature at each site every 4 h, and every 2 months measured sea surface salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen. We used a repeated measures anova to evaluate differences in the number of recruited spat between main factors, and analysed the presence of multimodal spat shell size frequency distributions. Overall, spat recruitment was negatively correlated with seawater temperature and showed higher spat recruitment abundances throughout winter, which is the season with the highest surface chlorophyll a concentration. We estimated multimodal shell size frequency distributions characterized by more than one modal size. The natural collection of A. ventricosus spat on artificial collectors in the area can be successfully performed over a protracted period (November–December to May–June). Our results extend the area where collection of A. ventricosus spat can be successful.     

Thermal preference and tolerance of green abalone Haliotis fulgens (Philippi, 1845) and pink abalone Haliotis corrugata (Gray, 1828)

The thermoregulatory behaviour of green abalone Haliotis fulgens and pink abalone H. corrugata was investigated. Haliotis fulgens juveniles ranging in wet weight from 3.0 to 3.3 g and from 28.7 to 30.5 mm shell length and of H. corrugata 2.0 g and 25.7 mm in shell length were exposed to 19°C for 30 days in a flow‐through water system. Temperature preference was determined in a horizontal thermal gradient and was found to be 25.4°C for green abalone and 25.0°C for pink abalone. Displacement velocity was 4.3 cm h⁻¹ for H. fulgens and 12.8 cm h⁻¹ for H. corrugata. The optimum temperature for growth calculated for both abalone species was 24.6 and 24.5°C respectively. The critical thermal maxima (CTMax) of H. fulgens and H. corrugata were determined as a measure of thermal tolerance. Abalones were subjected to increasing water temperatures at a rate of 1°C on 30 min until they detached from the substrate. The CTMax at 50% were 33.6 and 32.0°C for green and pink abalone respectively. The results are discussed in relation to site selection and commercial rearing.     

Thermal stability of carp G-actin monitored by loss of polymerization activity using an extrinsic fluorescent probe

ABSTRACT:   The thermal stability of carp G-actin was investigated by monitoring loss of actin polymerization ability. To determine the amount of native actin remaining after heat treatment, actin was labeled with a fluorescence reagent, N-(1-pyrene)iodoacetamide. The loss of polymerization ability of carp actin during heat treatment, at between 45 and 55°C, occurred faster than that of chicken actin. The inactivation rate was influenced by concentrations of ATP and Ca²⁺ in solution. With the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration, the inactivation of carp actin was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, the activation energy of the inactivation of carp actin obtained from an Arrhenius plot was similar to that of chicken actin. These results indicated that the thermal instability of carp G-actin was due to the low affinites of ATP and Ca²⁺ for carp actin described in a previous report.     

Induced thermotolerance and expression of heat shock protein 70 in sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   Thermal limits, induced thermotolerance and the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in an echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus were studied. The sublethal and lethal temperatures for the juveniles were 30 and 34°C, respectively; a previous sublethal heat shock exposure (30°C, 2 h) could increase the survival rates of the sea cucumbers when they were exposed to 34°C. This induced thermotolerance could last for at least 2 days. Levels of Hsp70 increased substantially after sublethal heat shock exposure and linearly decreased with time. This result indicated that a close relationship existed between the induction of thermotolerance and the levels of Hsp70 in A. japonicus.     

东北地区日光温室非洲菊高效栽培探析

结合非洲菊的生长特性,从繁殖、定植、苗期管理、花期管理、生育期中温、光、水肥、病虫害及采后管理等方面介绍了非洲菊的高效栽培技术,为非洲菊在东北地区的大面积种植,提高东北地区非洲菊鲜切花产量提供了理论依据。     

农杆菌介导的转高赖氨酸蛋白基因（sb401）水稻T4代分析

通过农杆菌介导的方法用富赖氨酸蛋白基因（sb401）转化粳稻品种日本晴,获得了独立的10个转化株系,对转化株系进行连续自交,通过筛选得到9个纯合的T4代转化株系。 Southern blotting分析发现,整合位点是随机的,并为低拷贝（1~3个）。TAI-PCR扩增得到8个T-DNA侧翼序列,并定位于日本晴的7条染色体上。蛋白质和氨基酸测定分析发现,sb401基因对各株系的蛋白质、赖氨酸和其他氨基酸组分的提高起到了一定的作用。将杂交结果与T-DNA插入位置结合分析发现,在低拷贝的情况下,表达量的差异不明显。     

烟田苗期残膜回收机主要结构设计研究

根据烟田苗期的农艺要求和种植模式,在现有的烟田苗期残膜回收机的基础上,对其进行改进,设计出适合云南本地烟草种植模式的烟田苗期残膜回收机。介绍了残膜回收机的主体结构,并完成万向节传动机构的UG建模,对模型进行运动仿真得到速度传递的关系;设计能使机器在行走过程中实现仿形限深目的的机构以及在完成卷膜作业后能够方便卸膜的卸膜机构。     

Enhanced kernel set promoted by synchronous pollination determines a tradeoff between kernel number and kernel weight in temperate maize hybrids

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is strongly related to the number of harvested kernels, where kernel number can be increased by synchronously pollinating silks rather than allowing them to be progressively pollinated as they naturally appear from the husks. However, there is scarce evidence on how this practice affects kernel weight (KW) and plant grain yield (PGY), and no report exists on its effects when combined with treatments aimed to reduce apical dominance, like male sterility and detasseling. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (Exp₁ and Exp₂) using two hybrids, cropped at contrasting stand densities (3 and 9 plants per m²) and including (i) male-fertile and male-sterile versions, (ii) tasseled and detasseled plants, and (iii) natural (NP) and synchronous pollination (SP; pollen added manually to ears bagged 5 days after initial silking) systems. Tassel growth of sterile and fertile versions was also evaluated in a separate experiment (Exp₃). Detasseling increased the number of ears per plant reaching silking (P < 0.001) of NP plants, but this beneficial effect of reduced apical dominance did not improve kernel number per plant (KNP) or PGY. Similarly, the early arrest of anther growth in male-sterile plants had no clear benefit on KNP. In contrast, KNP was enhanced by synchronous pollination (range between −13% and +71%; average of +15.4% in Exp₁ and +3.9% in Exp₂). However, this pollination system promoted a decreased in KW (range between −30% and +4%; average of −11.8% in Exp₁ and −7.8 in Exp₂) such that the treatment had no effect on PGY (range between −19% and +37%; average of +1% in Exp₁ and −4% in Exp₂). Because plant growth rate around flowering was not different between pollination treatments, assimilate availability per kernel was reduced from ovary fertilization onwards in synchronously pollinated plants when compared to open pollinated plants. This explains the reduced KW when increasing KNP by synchronous pollination. In summary, none of the imposed treatments allowed grain yield to be increased at the plant level.     

杂色鲍同种移植炎症因子1的克隆及其在应激下的表达

同种移植炎症因子AIF-1 (allograft inflammatory factor 1,AIF-1)是一种由干扰素γ诱导的含有EF-hand结构域的钙离子结合蛋白,其功能主要是参与移植排斥、免疫炎症反应、自身炎性和非炎性的损伤等.首次克隆了杂色鲍AIF-1基因cDNA全序列,命名为HdAIF-1,其全长为942 bp,开放阅读框为456 bp,编码151个氨基酸.实时荧光定量PCR结果表明:HdAIF-1在杂色鲍各组织中均有表达,其中在血淋巴和鳃中表达量最高.高温应激下,HdAIF-1在鳃组织中各时相表达均显著上调,并在温度升至31℃时达到最高.而血淋巴和肝胰腺中HdAIF-1在高温应激前4个时相表达无显著差异,到了96 h均显著上调.缺氧应激下,HdAIF-1在血淋巴中表达变化没有显著差异,而鳃中24 h显著下调,192 h显著上调.副溶血弧菌感染实验表明HdAIF-1基因在感染后3、24和48 h均检测到HdAIF-1的表达量显著上调.高温和缺氧应激以及弧菌感染均显示HdAIF-1基因表达量发生显著变化,说明HdAIF-1可能作为免疫因子在杂色鲍应激等状况下发挥重要作用.     

稳态烟雾机烟化管结构参数对烟化效果的影响

以稳态燃烧器为热动力的车载式烟雾机针对农林业病虫害防治具有防治效率高、用药量少、防治成本低等突出优点,烟化管结构参数是影响油溶剂农药能否有效烟化的关键因素。该文设定3种药喷头类型、6个喷头放置位置、3种喷头结构参数以及3个不同直径的双层喷管,分别进行烟化效果试验及分析。结果表明环形喷头烟化效果最好,圆锥形喷头和圆柱形实心锥喷头则出现喷管出口滴液及烟雾中存在明火等烟化不良问题,圆锥形喷头烟化效果好于圆柱形喷头;热雾剂在Φ70 mm喷管内能完全烟化,烟雾雾滴均匀细小,而Φ90和Φ110 mm 2种喷管则会产生较小烟雾和较大雾滴2个分布区,烟化效果不良;环形喷头置于喷管内距喷管喷口250~350 mm的范围内,可获得较好的烟化效果;环形喷头的结构参数如药液出口方向、喷药孔径和孔数对热雾剂的烟化效果影响非常小,均能使热雾剂得到完全烟化。说明药喷头类型和喷管直径是影响稳态燃烧烟雾机烟化效果的关键因素,喷头放置位置是影响的主要因素,而环形喷头结构参数是影响的次要因素。