浅谈我国农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复研究

农田土壤重金属污染导致农作物重金属含量超标,这些重金属随食物链进入人体内,对人体健康造成危害。了解农田土壤重金属污染现状、重金属污染对农作物的危害,以及污染农田的治理修复,对维护人体健康具有重要意义。本文综述了我国农田土壤重金属污染现状,分析了农田土壤重金属污染可能对农作物造成的影响,概括了目前农田土壤重金属污染的主要治理方式,并分析了这些治理方式的差异性和优缺点,对未来农田土壤重金属污染治理的方向作出了展望。为该领域初学者了解该领域研究方向、发展趋势和研究热点提供了指导,也为我国农田土壤重金属污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。     

海南优质稻米的品质研究[①]

随着现代人们生活水平的提高,稻米消费的需求也正在发生改变。三亚市南繁科学技术研究院连续承办两届“海南好米”活动,从海南征集稻米品种,活动涵盖了海南省推广的绝大部分优质稻米。本实验通过检测“海南好米”评选活动中得分较高的水稻品种米质,并与在全国优质稻米品质评选活动中获奖的水稻品种米质进行比较,分析了海南地区优质水稻品种米质的特点及未来可能的改良方向。结果表明：海南省籼稻米粒型以长型为主,大小形状较为理想。但外观品质较差,主要表现在稻米的垩白粒率、垩白度和裂纹率偏大。胶稠度大多为中软胶稠度,碱消值多数处于中高级。中、低直链淀粉含量品种居多,蒸煮品质总体较理想。今后海南籼稻品质改良目标应该放在减小垩白粒率、垩白度和裂纹率的等外观品质上,从而提高海南地区优质水稻的商品价值。     

用于病毒细菌凝集试验的固体免疫剂的研制和应用

用于制备固体免疫剂的液体免疫剂最佳组合：ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ抗血清的稀释度分别为１／２５６、１／６４和１／１２８,金黄色葡萄球菌菌悬液浓度为１１％、０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＢＳ的ｐＨ值为７．０,甘油浓度为１０％。液体制剂冻干过程的降温方式为二步法。固体制剂贮藏条件的最佳组合：含水量为３．２％,贮藏温度为－１０℃。固体制剂在－１０℃贮藏１年后,采用病毒细菌凝集试验检测ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ纯病毒     

Challenges facing arthropod biological control: identifying traits for genetic improvement of predators in protected crops

Biological control is an efficient pest control method but there are still limitations that are hindering its wider adoption. Genetic improvement of biological control agents (BCAs) can help to overcome these constraints, but the choice of key attributes for better performance that need to be selected is still an open question. Several characteristics have been suggested but the harsh reality is that selective breeding of BCAs has received a lot of attention but resulted in very little progress. Identifying the appropriate traits to be prioritized may be the first step to reverse this situation. In our opinion, the best way is to look at the factors limiting the performance of key BCAs, especially generalist predators (pesticide compatibility, prey‐density dependence, non‐suitable crops, and extreme environmental conditions), and according to these challenges, to choose the attributes that would allow BCAs to overcome those limitations. The benefits of selection for higher resistance to toxins, whether artificially applied (pesticides) or plant produced (plant defenses); increased fitness when feeding on non‐prey food (supplemented or plant‐derived); and better adaptation to extreme temperature and humidity are discussed. In conclusion, genetic improvement of BCAs can bring about new opportunities to biocontrol industry and users to enhance biocontrol resilience. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

蓝白花肉牛杂交改良本地黄牛的效果

2002--2004年化隆县引进蓝白花肉牛细管冻精1000支对本地黄牛进行改良,共授配本地黄牛416头,生产蓝本F1353头。同时测定了蓝本F1初生、6月龄和12月龄时的体重、体长、胸围和体斜长指标,并与本地黄牛进行了比较。结果表明,蓝本F1表现出了较强的杂种优势,杂交效果显著。     

营养调控对宣城黄鸡胴体品质及肉质的影响

通过营养调控改善鸡肉品质与风味。选100 d宣城黄鸡600只随机分为5组,分别饲喂优化日粮（OD）、OD＋风味改良剂（MD）、MD＋茶粉与甲壳质混合物、MD＋昆虫蛋白硒,对照组饲喂原场饲粮。试验期55 d。结果表明：（1）试1、2、3、4组较对照组试鸡腹脂率分别降低45.28%,44.67%,64.04%,14.65%,其中试1、2组试鸡较对照组腹脂率显著降低（P〈0.05）,试3组降低极显著（P〈0.01）;试3组肝重率显著降低33.59%（P〈0.05）;试2组腺肌胃率显著提高45.11%（P〈0.01）。（2）肌间脂肪1、3、4组较对照组降低,但试2组提高15.66%（P〈0.05）;肌苷酸试1组较对照组低,试2、3、4组分别高17.48%（P〈0.05）,9.35%,10.16%;试4组胸肌硒含量较试2组提高了163%（P〈0.01）。（3）鸡肉弹性试1、2、3组较对照组分别高7.32%,7.89%（P〈0.05）,9.21%,而试4组则低2.63%;粘聚性试1、2与3组较对照组分别高2.78%,5.71%（P〈0.05）,4.29%,试4组则低1.43%。日粮补饲茶粉与甲壳素混合物可显著降低腹脂沉积,有防止肌肉脂肪氧化,降低MDA水平,维持高pH值趋势;配制的风味改良剂也可显著降低腹脂率,并有提高肌苷酸、羟脯氨酸含量与肌内脂水平趋势,能显著提高肌肉弹性与粘聚性;昆虫硒可显著提高鸡肉中硒沉积量。     

The value of incorporating carcass trait phenotypes in terminal sire selection indexes to improve carcass weight and quality of heavy lambs

Genetic selection for carcass traits is paramount to maximize the profitability and long‐term sustainability of any meat‐producing livestock species. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of indicator traits for the genetic improvement of lamb carcass traits and to determine the value of including carcass traits into terminal sire selection indexes for the Canadian sheep industry. The carcass traits included hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth at the GR site (FATGR) and average carcass conformation score (AVGCONF), and were measured on heavy lambs (slaughter age less than 365 days and HCW greater than 16.3 kg) in commercial abattoirs. Growth traits were found to be moderately efficient indicator traits for the genetic improvement of HCW but selection on ultrasound traits was necessary to substantially improve the carcass quality traits (FATGR and AVGCONF). Economic selection indexes were designed by adding various combinations of carcass traits into the Canadian Sheep Genetic Evaluation System terminal indexes. Records measured on individuals and progeny were assumed to be the sources of information for live animal and carcass traits, respectively. The changes in index accuracy, efficiency and expected correlated response were used to assess the value of their inclusion. HCW was found to have a large economic value, and its inclusion into terminal selection indexes was expected to substantially increase their accuracy (0.08–0.12 points) and efficiency (20%–30%). However, further including FATGR (measured 110 mm from the carcass midline over the 12th rib) and AVGCONF had little impact on the accuracy (≤0.03) and efficiency (1%–7%) of the proposed indexes. Thus, the inclusion of carcass traits into the existing terminal selection indexes could be beneficial for the genetic improvement of HCW, but further research is needed to determine optimal methods of increasing carcass fatness and muscularity.     

Discussion about the Agent- Construction System of Governmental Project in China

The agent - construction system, as a new public project management mode, has been practiced in some cities and attracted attention from the society. This paper firstly studies the features and operation modes of agent - construction system, and discusses the agent - construction system from the viewpoints of promoting competition, nourishing agent -construction enterprises, setting up a supervisory and encouraging mechanism, and its connection with the governmental project procurement system etc.     

NY190柴油机研究开发

概要介绍了在NY185柴油机基础上扩缸变形而设计的NY190柴油机的技术规格、主要结构、主要零部件的特点。该机较原机价格低、功率大、启动性能好、燃油消耗率低、质量可靠。