氮素水平对单作和间套作小麦玉米叶片叶绿素含量及品质的影响

以间套作小麦玉米、单作小麦和单作玉米为研究对象,通过田间试验研究了氮素水平对单作和间套作小麦玉米叶片叶绿素及品质的影响。主要结果为:在同一施氮水平下,间套作小麦旗叶叶绿素含量大于相应单作;单作和间套作小麦开花期旗叶叶绿素含量和蛋白质含量、沉淀值之间都呈显著正相关(r分别为0.960*,0.948*,0.968*,0.957*)。在相同施氮水平下,单作玉米叶绿素含量高于相应间套作玉米;单作和间套作玉米孕穗期叶绿素含量与其蛋白质含量之间也呈显著正相关(r分别为0.861*和0.870*)。     

维生素E对绵羊鲜精及冻精精液品质的影响

日粮中添加维生素E可以提高绵羊鲜精的活率 ,对照组和试验组的活率分别为 0 72± 0 0 7和 0 78± 0 0 6(P <0 0 5 ) ,显著改善鲜精精液品质。采用两步稀释法在绵羊冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E ,可以极显著降低冷冻对精子顶体的冷刺激损害程度 ,试验组的活率 ( 0 43 5± 0 0 2 0 )极显著高于对照组 ( 0 3 65± 0 0 2 6) (P <0 0 1) ,精子顶体的总异常率试验组 ( 3 3 72 % )极显著低于对照组 ( 4 4 3 5 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,其中试验组顶体膨胀率和脱落率与对照组分别为 1 2 8%±0 5 8%、2 3 0 8%± 1 45 %与 2 68%± 0 5 9%、2 8 96%± 3 14 %。冷冻精液品质显著改善。     

几种绿色饲料添加剂在肉鸡生产上的应用效果

选1日龄AA肉鸡390只,分成13组,分别添加不同种类和不同种类组合的绿色饲料添加剂。试验结果表明,益生素能显著(p<0.05)提高肉鸡的生产性能,改善肉品质。     

Questionnaire-based study on consumer requirements for beef quality in Japan

A questionnaire study examining Japanese consumers’ requirements for beef quality was carried out in April 2002 in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Answers from 532 participants were used for the statistical analysis. Twenty questions about sensory properties, appearance, safety and freshness, production area, price, and other properties were prepared. The answers were applied to principal component analysis. Five principal components were obtained and defined, and the principle component scores were used to classify participants. The panels were classified into four groups profiled as ‘specific quality orientated’, ‘Wagyu (Japanese beef) orientated’, ‘safety and freshness orientated’ and ‘overall high quality orientated’. In addition, gender and age characteristics were different among the groups. Sensory properties did not affect the classification of respondents.     

Improving management for higher reproduction accelerates genetic improvement in closed herd of swine

The present study compared responses to selection at different conception rates and litter sizes at weaning in a simulated closed herd in a swine breeding program. The base population consisted of 10 males and 50 females, and 10 generations of selection was practiced by using individual phenotype or best linear unbiased prediction of breeding values for a trait with heritability (h²) of either 0.2 or 0.5. The probability of conception in a single mating was assumed to be 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0. Litter size at weaning was sampled randomly from a normal distribution with mean 8, 10 or 12 and variance 8.1225. Genetic response increased by approximately 6% for h² = 0.2 and approximately 5% for h² = 0.5 at generation 10 when conception rate was increased from 0.8 to 1.0. However, litter size at weaning did not affect response to selection. In conclusion, improving conception rate by environmental management increases genetic response indirectly in a breeding program of a closed swine herd.     

Effects of straw and silicon soil amendments on some foliar and stem-base diseases in pot-grown winter wheat

Four foliar and two stem-base pathogens were inoculated onto wheat plants grown in different substrates in pot experiments. Soils from four different UK locations were each treated in three ways: (i) straw incorporated in the field at 10 t ha⁻¹ several months previously; (ii) silicon fertilization at 100 mg L⁻¹ during the experiment; and (iii) no amendments. A sand and vermiculite mix was used with and without silicon amendment. The silicon treatment increased plant silica concentrations in all experiments, but incorporating straw was not associated with raised plant silica concentrations. Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondita were inoculated by shaking infected plants over the test plants, followed by suitable humid periods. The silicon treatment reduced powdery mildew ( B. graminis ) substantially in sand and vermiculite and in two of the soils, but there were no effects on the slight infection by brown rust ( P. recondita ). Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola were inoculated as conidial suspensions. Leaf spot caused by P. nodorum was reduced in silicon-amended sand and vermiculite; soil was not tested. Symptoms of septoria leaf blotch caused by M. graminicola were reduced by silicon amendment in a severely infected sand and vermiculite experiment but not in soil or a slightly infected sand and vermiculite experiment. Oculimacula yallundae (eyespot) and Fusarium culmorum (brown foot rot) were inoculated as agar plugs on the stem base. Severity of O. yallundae was reduced by silicon amendment of two of the soils but not sand and vermiculite; brown foot rot symptoms caused by F. culmorum were unaffected by silicon amendment. The straw treatment reduced severity of powdery mildew but did not detectably affect the other pathogens. Both straw and silicon treatments appeared to increase plant resistance to all diseases only under high disease pressure.     

夏季狗牙根草坪不同建植方法及秋季交播黑麦草对成坪效果的影响

以狗牙根Cynodon dactylon种子和营养体为材料，在武汉地区，对5种不同建植方法建成的草坪从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性、建植成本及秋季交播多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne后翌年狗牙根的草坪质量等方面进行综合比较。结果表明：采用夏季建植狗牙根草坪并于秋季交播多年生黑麦草的方法来建植四季常绿草坪，狗牙根采用撒茎覆沙法效果最佳，其他方法依次为开沟埋茎法、闻铺草皮法、穴植草茎法；种子直播法在翌年需重新建坪。     

浅论优质牧草在肉牛饲养中的利用

针对我国肉牛饲养在饲料利用中的误区,结合肉牛的消化及代谢特点,分析了牧草的鲜喂、青贮、干草饲喂以及综合利用4种不同的利用方式及其营养特点,指出优质牧草用于肉牛饲养能充分发挥牧草的优良特性,而且符合我国畜牧业发展要求,值得广泛推广.     

施磷和接种根瘤菌对黄河三角洲紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响

田间试验研究了施磷肥和接种根瘤菌对黄河三角洲地区紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响.结果表明,播种前施磷肥能明显提高紫花苜蓿的出苗和成苗率,显著提高紫花苜蓿的叶茎比、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量,并提高干物质产量12.9%～85.5%.施磷肥还显著提高了紫花苜蓿地上部可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白质的含量,降低了中性洗涤纤维含量,使饲草体外干物质消化率增加0.73%～8.49%.播种时接种根瘤菌能显著增加紫花苜蓿单株根瘤结瘤数和平均根瘤重,并能改善苗期的生长,但对干物质产量影响不明显.试验结果显示,黄河三角洲地区种植紫花苜蓿施用过磷酸钙750 kg/hm2,并接种根瘤菌可获得较好的提高产量和改善品质的效果.     

四川省2种生境条件下黑麦草种子生产性能的研究

对四川省的丘陵区(洪雅)和中山地区(汉源)2种生境条件下的黑麦草种子生产性能进行了研究分析,结果表明,试验两地的种子产量和质量均有显著差异.其中,洪雅点种子产量为244.0 kg/hm2,汉源点的种子产量为532.8 kg/hm2.两样地的种子质量相比,汉源点的发芽势、发芽率、四唑染色数和四唑脱氢酶均高于洪雅点.两地的种子产量与其构成因素的相关性基本一致,均呈显著相关;相关性强弱依次为:每生殖枝种子数>生殖枝数>每生殖枝小花数>分蘖数>每生殖枝小穗数>千粒重.每生殖枝种子数对种子产量贡献最大.