酒精阳性乳奶牛血清和乳Na、K水平分析

目的:研究酒精阳性乳患牛血清和鲜乳的钠、钾含量的变化,探索了钠、钾与奶牛酒精阳性乳的关系,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法:用68%的酒精全群检测酒精阳性乳,用72%的酒精测定68%的酒精阳性乳,再用75%酒精测定72%的酒精阳性乳,然后将其分为75%酒精阴性(对照组)、75%酒精阳性、72%酒精阳性和68%酒精阳性4个组,在每组牛群中选择产奶量、胎次、年龄、泌乳期相近的6头奶牛分别组成1、2、3、4组。连续3周对各组奶牛行采血和采乳,通过火焰光度计法测定血清和全乳中的钠、钾含量。结果:2、3、4组奶牛血清中钠、钾的含量显著地低于1组(对照组)(P<0.05)。结论:实验结果显示血清中钠和钾的含量均显著下降,故在临床治疗上可以通过饲料添加NaHCO3,NaCl或静脉输入5%的NaHCO3或NaCl,通过这些方法治疗酒精阳性乳患牛;全乳中钠、钾的含量降低使鲜乳稳定性降低,但并未失去利用价值,可以合理地利用。     

海藻酸钠包埋保藏对食药用菌种活性的影响

采用海藻酸钠包埋食药用菌种 ,并于液体石蜡中封藏 3年后测定其活性。结果表明 :食药用菌种平均萌发率为 84.0 % ,平均萌发时间为 3 2h ,菌丝生长速度为 0 .75 8cm/d。     

Effect of sodium chloride on gluten network formation,dough microstructure and rheology in relation to breadmaking

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an essential ingredient to control the functional properties of wheat dough and bread quality. This study investigated the effect of NaCl at 0, 1 and 2%, (w/w, flour base) on the gluten network formation during dough development, the dough rheology, and the baking characteristics of two commercial flours containing different levels of protein (9.0 and 13.5%) and with different glutenin-to-gliadin ratios. Examination of the dough structure by confocal microscopy at different stages of mixing show that the gluten network formation was delayed and the formation of elongated fibril protein structure at the end of dough development when NaCl was used. The fibril structure of protein influenced the dough strength, as determined by strain hardening coefficient and hardening index obtained from the large deformation extension measurements. NaCl had a greater effect on enhancing the strength of dough prepared from the low protein flour compared to those from the high protein flour. The effect of NaCl on loaf volume and crumb structure of bread followed a similar trend. These results indicate that the effect of NaCl on dough strength and bread quality may be partially compensated by choosing flour with an appropriate amount and quality of gluten protein.     

火腿肠中亚硝酸盐含量的测定

[目的]分析测定火腿肠中亚硝酸盐的含量。[方法]采用分光光度法确定亚硝酸钠的最佳吸收波长,检测市售2种不同种类的火腿肠中亚硝酸钠的含量。[结果]试验表明,亚硝酸钠的最佳吸收波长为538nm,2种市售火腿肠中的亚硝酸钠含量根据国标都在安全食用范围之内。[结论]分光光度法检测食品中亚硝酸盐含量操作快捷、灵敏度高、设备简单、结果直观,效果较好。     

Na2CO3催化微波合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

[目的]以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,采用碳酸钠作催化剂微波辐射合成乙酰水杨酸。[方法]采用正交试验法,考察了催化剂用量、微波功率、辐射时间对反应产率的影响。[结果]优选出的较佳反应条件为:取6.3 g水杨酸和9 ml乙酸酐,催化剂碳酸钠用量0.4g,微波功率400 W,辐射时间90 s。在此条件下,乙酰水杨酸产率达83.25%。[结论]采用碳酸钠微波催化合成乙酰水杨酸,反应收率较好。     

Effects of urinary excretion of nitrogen, potassium and sodium on urine volume in dairy cows

Data of 50 balance measurements were collected from dry and lactating Holstein cows to clarify the effects of urinary excretion of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) on urine volume in cows. In dry cows, orchardgrass silage, timothy hay, alfalfa silage and corn silage were offered to meet the TDN requirement. Orchardgrass silage or alfalfa silage diets were offered in switch back trials in lactating cows. There were no relationships between urinary excretion and plasma concentrations of K or Na in cows, but urinary N excretion increased with the increase of plasma urea nitrogen. There was positive correlation between urinary excretion and urinary content of Na, but urinary K contents increased rapidly by 1.3% with the increasing urinary K excretion and thereafter remained almost constant. The increasing urinary K and N excretion enhanced urine volume in cows, but urine production in cows was accurately estimated from the regression equation of urine K excretion on urine volume. Urine volume was not affected by urinary Na excretion. These results suggest that the increase of urine volume in cows affected by the increasing urinary excretion of K and N may be due to the maintenance of urine or plasma osmolality.     

碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠对番茄壮苗和灰霉病的防治作用

以番茄品种L402幼苗为试材,研究外源喷施碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠对番茄生长和灰霉病的防治作用。结果表明:25mmol·L~(-1)和50 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠对番茄幼苗具有显著的壮苗作用;30～60 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠对灰霉菌菌丝生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,且抑制作用通常随着浓度的升高而加强;30～40 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠和50～60mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸氢钠对番茄灰霉病具有良好的预防作用;50 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠和50～60 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸氢钠对番茄灰霉病具有良好的抑制作用。生产上可应用适宜浓度的碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠防治番茄灰霉病。     

高钠所致肉用雏鸡肺动脉高压模型的心电图学研究

本试验用心电描记法对３组共２８５羽健康ＡＡ肉鸡从８日龄开始分别饮用含氯化钠０．０％、０．１５％、０．３０％的饮水所致内用雏鸡肺动脉高压综合征进行了研究,结果表明：（１）实验组的右心室和全心室的重量比（ＲＶ／ＴＶ）较对照组显著增坑。（２）回归分析表明ⅡａＶｐ导联波波幅的变化与ＲＶ／ＴＶ和的变化呈强负相关。（３）对照组、实验Ⅰ组、实验Ⅱ组分别有０．０１％,６．２５％,２８．７５％鸡发展成临床型腹水。因     

Changes in spatial and temporal variability of SAR affected by shallow groundwater management of an irrigated field, California

In the irrigated western U.S. disposal of drainage water has become a significant economic and environmental liability. Development of irrigation water management practices that reduce drainage water volumes is essential. One strategy combines restricted drainage outflow (by plugging the drains) with deficit irrigation to maximize shallow groundwater consumption by crops, thus reducing drainage that needs disposal. This approach is not without potential pitfalls; upward movement of groundwater in response to crop water uptake may increase salt and sodium concentrations in the root zone. The purposes for this study were: to observe changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) and salt in a field managed to minimize drainage discharge; to determine if in situ drainage reduction strategy affects SAR distribution in the soil profile; and to identify soil or management factors that can help explain field wide variability. We measured SAR, soil salinity (EC_1:1) and soil texture over 3 years in a 60-ha irrigated field on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. At the time we started our measurements, the field was beginning to be managed according to a shallow groundwater/drainage reduction strategy. Soil salinity and SAR were found to be highly correlated in the field. The observed spatial and temporal variability in SAR was largely a product of soil textural variations within the field and their associated variations in apparent leaching fraction. During the 3-year study period, the percentage of the field in which the lower profile (90-180 cm) depth averaged SAR was above 10, increased from 20 to 40%. Since salinity was increasing concomitantly with SAR, and because the soil contained gypsum, sodium hazard was not expected to become a limiting factor for long term shallow groundwater management by drain control. It is anticipated that the technology will be viable for future seasons.