Visitors’ perceptions of traditional homestead windbreaks from user-generated comments

Visitors’ perceptions of traditional homestead windbreaks on the Ryukyu Archipelago were determined in this study by analyzing the user-generated comments (UGC) on Instagram. It was found that an overwhelming majority of tourists used phrases like “spiritual,” “greenery,” “nature,” and “healing” to describe their feelings while visiting the dense windbreaks, in comparison with local residents’ perceptions of “windbreak” and “firebreak” in their stories. By analyzing the Instagram UGC, useful information related to tourists’ assessments, perceptions of windbreaks, and disadvantages of trees with numerous mosquitoes, was obtained. Many tourists assessed dense tree lines as sacred and spiritual. Furthermore, many tourists preferred a comfortable tour by riding a bicycle and a micro kickboard without walking too much. This study demonstrated Instagram as an important source of tourists’ perceptions of landscape amenities, which can inform tourism management organizations (TMO). It is recommended that homestead windbreaks are promoted on the websites of TMO of isolated islands and remote areas, and as a popular destination that is part of local culture and alternative tourist attractions.     

川西北高寒沙化草地围栏禁牧时段和恢复过程的耦合机理研究

川西北沙化草地在围栏禁牧生态恢复过程中,土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮变化特征,研究对象为:未修复沙化草地、围栏禁牧生态恢复时间分别为5年、10年的沙化草地,研究其不同围栏禁牧时间沙化草地0～40 cm土层土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮的变化.其结果表明,随着围栏禁牧时间的增长,各土层土壤有机质、全氮含量均增加,植被盖度、...     

基于社会情境的当代广州城市公园发展历程及演变机制探析

结合社会情境理论,以“社会情境—空间生产—空间特征”为研究范式,选取了政治、经济、文化3个关键性情境要素,以时间为线索,将广州城市公园的发展历程划分为以恢复与建设为导向、以革命与生产为导向、以经济利益为导向、以打造城市名片为导向和以生态友好为导向5个阶段。通过梳理发展历程的成因,从而得出：广州城市公园历史发展最重要的演变机制为社会秩序的空间化过程,即动态平衡的社会发展状态和不断博弈的社会关系共同作用于空间变化的过程。     

Community participation in a social forestry program in Central Java,Indonesia: the effect of incentive structure and social capital

A new social forestry program has been implemented in Java to overcome encroachment of state forests. In this program, the state and local communities jointly manage the state forests and share the benefits of increased forest resource stock and flow as a result of the management. This article aims to investigate the complete incentive structure of the social forestry program and how the incentive structure changes community member participation in forest management. Property rights transfers and economic analyses were employed to analyze the incentive structure. We conclude that although incomplete, the transfer of rights from the state to the community members is a useful approach toward establishing an effective incentive structure and provides a net gain to the community members. The extent of community participation, however, depends not only on the incentive structure but also on the social capital that exists in the community.     

试析天保工程对黎平县社会经济的影响

通过对黎平县天保工程实施后的森林资源变化、县域经济产业结构变化、农民收入和生产生活方式等方面变化的分析,论述了天保工程实施对黎平县社会经济的影响,并提出了存在的问题和相应的建议。     

Drought and fire suppression lead to rapid forest composition change in a forest-prairie ecotone

Altered fire regimes and increased drought can lead to major vegetation changes, especially in ecotones. A decrease in fire can lead to woody species encroachment in prairies and increasing forest stand density. The threat of global climate change raises questions about potential increases in the length, severity, and incidence of droughts substantially altering species composition. Re-measured upland forests in south-central North America's midcontinent forest-prairie ecotone exhibited major changes in woody species composition and structure over fifty years and successional trajectories appeared to favor invasive Juniperus virginiana L. over the previous dominant Quercus species. The objective of this study was to determine whether climate and fire exclusion affected the recruitment history of dominant woody species in these upland forests located near the xeric western edge of the eastern deciduous forest biome of North America. We removed cores and cross-sections from 992 J. virginiana, Quercus marilandica Münchh. and Q. stellata Wangenh. trees from eleven forest stands located across central and northwest Oklahoma, and determined their ages using standard dendrochronological methods. Recruitment of all species increased following a severe mid-20th century drought, but a rapid increase in J. virginiana recruitment and decrease in Quercus recruitment appeared to be linked to a decrease in fire. Future fire regime changes and increased drought due to global climate change could lead to widespread shifts from Quercus- to Juniperus- dominated forests and cause substantial changes to ecosystem services.     

穗港两地经济型住宅区园林绿化建设初探——以天耀邨和金沙洲社区为例

文章通在景观营造、植物应用等方面对天耀部和金沙洲社区进行比较分析,归纳出经济型住宅区绿化建设的基本原则和规律。总的来说,经济型住宅区的两大特点是经济性和适用性,其园林绿化建设应该结合宅旁绿地、公共绿地等布置小沙地、游戏器械、座椅及凉亭等低造价的小品和设施,为居民提供游戏场所、休息场地,增加居民之间的室外交往。     

Ecology and regeneration of tropical dry forests in the Americas: Implications for management

Dry forests represent the most endangered ecosystem in tropical regions and continue to be one of the most sought after environments for human colonization, development and production. In spite of this, dry forests are one of the least well studied tropical habitats. This special issue is dedicated to reviewing much of the information that exists about tropical dry forest in the Americas. The introduction summarizes the articles presented herein, highlighting management strategies that are suggested throughout the special issue that may be useful for conserving tropical dry forest environments.     

社会记忆视角下连州保安村民俗文化景观特色营造

乡村民俗文化景观是社会记忆传承的重要途径,承载了乡村生活、生产、文化实践等社会记忆活动。社会记忆视角乡村民俗文化景观营造研究对增强乡村文化的地方认同,维系良好的乡土社会秩序,实现乡村特色化发展具有重要意义。以粤北地区连州市保安村为例,在调研访谈的基础上,从山水记忆、建筑记忆、民俗记忆 3 方面分析乡村民俗文化景观特质。随着社会的变迁,保安村面临山水记忆意象片段化、建筑记忆空间特色趋同化、民俗记忆传承面临危机等问题。据此,提出以保安村社会记忆载体形成“营造、传承、促进”的内生机制,构建生态记忆、生活记忆和生长记忆的社会记忆体系,营造特色化乡村民俗文化景观的实施策略。     

Identifying important biophysical and social determinants of on-farm tree growing in subsistence-based traditional agroforestry systems

Many expert-designed agroforestry projects enunciated in 1970s around the world, particularly in the developing countries, had uneven success due to inadequate adoption or abandonment after adoption. There are many empirical studies on factors affecting on-farm tree cultivation mainly where expert-designed agroforestry programmes were introduced but lacking in case of traditional agroforestry. Moreover, the concern to identify key factors influencing on-farm tree growing is gaining importance. The present study identifies key factors in on-farm tree growing based on investigation of traditional agroforestry using logistic regression approach. The study is based on household survey of 401 households located in Indian Western Himalaya. The factors affecting on-farm tree growing were grouped into: biophysical (included land use and infrastructural aspects) and social. Models predicting on-farm tree growing for each category were developed and key factors affecting on-farm tree growing in the respective category were identified. A composite model was also developed by combining biophysical and social factors. In the present study, farm size, agroclimatic zone, soil fertility, mobility and importance of tree for future generations respectively were the key factors which influenced tree growing. In contrast to many previous studies which considered either biophysical or social factors, the composite model in the present study reveals that both biophysical and social factors are simultaneously important in motivating the farmers to grow trees on their farms in traditional agroforestry. Moreover, the present study open vistas for using farmers’ experience and knowledge of adoption of agroforestry to stimulate on-farm tree growing. The wider implication of the study is that biophysical as well as social variables should be considered together in designing suitable agroforestry systems in various parts of the world.