萝卜主要糖分含量的配合力分析

以大青皮萝卜(P1)、青萝卜(P2)、灯笼红(P3)、满堂红(P4)和浙大长(P5)5个萝卜自交系为试验材料,按照5×5完全双列杂交设计对其主要糖分进行配合力分析,筛选优良亲本和优势组合,同时对其主要遗传参数进行估算。试验结果表明:P2和P4的可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖的一般配合力高,为优良亲本;根据特殊配合力和反交效应筛选出5个最佳杂交组合分别为P4×P1、P2×P3和P5×P3;可溶性总糖、果糖和蔗糖的狭义遗传力分别为42.35%、46.23%和13.42%,可溶性总糖和果糖以基因加性效应为主,蔗糖受非加性效应影响大。     

四季萝卜追肥数量研究

本研究运用三元二次旋转回归设计进行四季萝卜（ＲａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．ｖａｒ．ｒａｄｉｃｕｌｕｓ）的追肥研究。研究结果表明：在低肥力地块上种植四季萝卜，追肥对产量形成有重要作用．氮、磷、钾单独施用均有提高产量的作用，配合施用时，它们彼此间对产量形成有交互作用．氮肥施用过量，不利于磷、钾增产作用发挥，增施磷肥，对氮的增产作用有所促进。为获得较好的产量，追肥适宜的用量分别是Ｎ４９４．７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，Ｐ２Ｏ５３１１．８５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，Ｋ２Ｏ３１７．４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

生物有机肥对黄州萝卜主要经济性状和效益的影响

为了验证生物有机肥对蔬菜作物生长的促进作用与增产效应,以黄州萝卜为试验材料,探究不同生物有机肥对黄州萝卜产量及品质等方面的影响,设置3个施肥处理:每667 m~2分别施用200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;200 kg灭活生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;常规施肥(每667 m~2施200 kg饼肥+20 kg三元复合肥)以及空白对照。结果表明:每667 m~2施200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥处理的萝卜667 m~2产量最高,为2 921.5 kg;在品质方面,萝卜含粗纤维7 g/kg,可溶性糖42 g/kg,水分92.6%;综合667 m~2效益最优,达到4 567.3元,产投比最高,为3.5。     

日光温室早春葡萄套种的立体栽培模式

为提高日光温室利用率,增加温室生产效益,新疆和静县的农技人员在温室内种植早熟葡萄,早春套种油白菜、茼蒿、春萝卜,充分利用土地、空间、光能,取得了良好的生产效益,是一种高产高效的立体栽培模式。     

氯噻啉防治萝卜蚜虫药效试验

蚜虫是危害萝卜的主要害虫。经田间试验,10%氯噻啉WP防治萝卜蚜虫,14～20g/667m2防治效果达96.2%～98.2%,比25%乐.氰EC 27ml/667m2防治效果高。建议推广应用10%氯噻啉WP 14g/667m2防治萝卜蚜虫。     

The development and comparison of bio-thermoset plastics from epoxidized plant oils

This study investigates the development of thermoset plastics from plant-based oils (e.g., linseed, soybean, cottonseed, oilseed radish, and peanut oils) using an optimal process of solvent-free epoxidation. The epoxidation of plant oils can be accomplished economically by reacting the double bonds of fatty-acids with hydrogen peroxide. During the solvent-free process catalyzed by the ion-exchange resin, we observed that the influence of several variables was important: the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, acetic acid to unsaturation, and temperature. The epoxidation of plant oils was determined from the liquid mixture and the composite matrix by thermal and spectroscopic analyses. Compounds with a higher double-bond (iodine) value showed higher oxirane oxygen percent and selectivity, and a higher hydroxyl value because of a greater possibility of attack by solutions causing side reactions. Lower iodine values indicated fewer epoxy groups and selectivity, and a lower hydroxyl value. Benzyl pyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) yielded good thermal curing properties; as little as 1% added to the plastics produced light-weight composites. Epoxidized linseed oil promises the highest modulus and impact resistance due to the largest number of double bonds to contribute more epoxy groups and the large proportion of linolenic acids to produce epoxy groups rapidly.     

油菜素甾醇对萝卜芽菜生物活性物质的影响

为探究油菜素甾醇对萝卜芽菜生物活性物质的影响,用表油菜素内酯及其类似物高芸薹素单独或者与氯化钠共同处理萝卜芽菜,测定并分析其芥子油苷、花青素、维生素C和总多酚的含量以及抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明,20 nmol·L~(-1)表油菜素内酯单独处理时,芥子油苷含量显著降低,但与40mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠共处理时,芥子油苷含量显著上升;20 nmol·L~(-1)高芸薹素单独处理或者与40 mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠共处理则对芥子油苷含量无显著影响。此外,表油菜素内酯和高芸薹素单独处理或者分别与氯化钠共处理均能显著提高花青素和维生素C的含量,但对总多酚含量和抗氧化能力均无显著影响。综上,表油菜素内酯与氯化钠共处理是提高萝卜芽菜中芥子油苷、花青素以及维生素C等主要生物活性物质的有效手段,这为通过化学调控的方法改良萝卜芽菜的品质提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

The present status of biological control of Xanthium (Compositae)

Abstract

The economic threshold level of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) was determined on the radish seed crop, var Punjab Sufed. Spraying oxydemeton methyl at 300 g a.i./ ha, was monitored at arbitrary set aphid levels from 25 to 150 aphids/plant. The maximum cost benefit ratio (1: 13.1) was achieved at an aphid level of 50 per plant, requiring three sprays. Spraying in the middle of February was the most crucial, as delay of 7 days from this stage resulted in significant decreases in yield in the fixed spray schedule and at the 75‐aphid level.     

Are road verges corridors for weed invasion? Insights from the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of Raphanus raphanistrum

Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae) is considered amongst the world's worst agricultural weeds. We address critical issues in its management by studying the pathway of colonisation at local scales. For this, we assessed the small‐scale spatial genetic structure of 231 samples collected from three different sites across the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, using 11 nuclear microsatellite markers. Although natural pollen and seed dispersal were expected to be restricted, we found no significant relationship between genetic and geographical distance within sites. Instead, our results suggest that R. raphanistrum had colonised new habitats via jump dispersal, rather than through natural diffusive dispersal at local scales. We did not find evidence for road verges as dispersal corridors, as evidenced by a lack of isolation‐by‐distance at local scales. Instead, the absence of spatial genetic structure suggests that R. raphanistrum had rapidly spread throughout its current range, possibly facilitated by human‐mediated actions. Management plans addressing containment or suppression of the weedy species R. raphanistrum (and possibly other weedy species) should take the high degree of connectivity between distant geographical localities into account.     

不同播期对萝卜杂交种种子质量和产量的影响

为了在云南开发萝卜杂交种子生产基地,以雄不育系和自交不亲和系为萝卜亲本的试材,进行不同播期的生产试验,研究萝卜各处理间的生长期、种子产量和质量等方面的差异。结果表明：播期与生长量呈正比,不同播期对开花期没有明显的影响,但对萝卜种子的产量和质量有显著影响,10月15日播种生产出的萝卜种子的产量和质量最好。