萝卜组织和器官的离体培养

本试验以萝卜品种"鲁萝卜一号"为试材,对其不定芽和愈伤组织的诱导、增殖和分化进行了探讨。结果表明:带下胚轴的茎端为不定芽诱导适宜外植体;MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA为不定芽继代增殖的适宜培养基,但在该种培养基上继代5次后,需适当提高6-BA浓度,才能保持较高的增殖水平;以子叶为外植体,培养基为MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L NAA时,有利于愈伤组织的诱导;在此培养基中添加5mg/L AgNO3有利于愈伤组织继代与保存;愈伤组织转接在培养基MS+6mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+5mg/L AgNO3上,获得了再分化芽。     

冀西北坝上地区不同萝卜品种的养分吸收特性比较

在冀西北坝上冷凉气候条件下,采用田间小区试验,比较了春冠、春冠35、春光、春辉、春雪圣和春蕾6个萝卜品种对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)养分的吸收利用特性.结果表明,春冠35与春辉的肉质根产量最高,春雪圣最低.不同萝卜品种各养分的累积分配特征及养分利用效应亦存在显著差异,春蕾的氮累积量最高,春冠35的磷累积量最高,春辉钾累积量最高,上述三品种的另外两种营养元素累积量亦显著高于其他三个品种,且各养分偏生产力表现突出;春光和春雪圣氮累积量最低,春冠的磷、钾累积量最低.养分生产效率和干物质生产效率以春光和春冠两个品种较高.综合评价可知,春辉、春冠35和春蕾为养分高效累积型品种,春雪圣为养分吸收利用低效率品种,而春光和春冠则属于养分生理利用高效率品种.     

Use of Bioinoculants in Ameliorative Effects on Radish Plants Under Salinity Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on emergence, growth, physiology, and mineral content of radish under salinity stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments using a mixture of soil: sand (1:1 v: v) under greenhouse conditions. Bacillus subtilis EY2, Bacillus atrophaeus EY6, and Bacillus spharicus GC subgrup B EY30 were isolated in highly salty soils in Upper Coruh Valley in Turkey. Seeds were soaked in the bacterial suspension incubated at 27°C for 2 h. Emergence percentage (EP) was reduced and mean emergence time (MET) raised with sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Inoculated seeds displayed greater EP and less MET compared to the non-inoculated ones. Salinity negatively affected growth of radish; however, plant growth promoting bacteria treatments positively affected growth parameters such as fresh weight (278% for shoot, 371% for root) and dry weights (250% for shoot, 422% for root) compared to non-treated plants that were challenged with salt stress. Furthermore, selected bacteria caused an increase in uptake of minerals except sodium (Na) compared to the non-treated controls in both salt stress and salt stress absence. Sodium concentration of plant leaves was increased by salt stress while bacterial inoculation decreased its concentration. Bacterial treatments increased chlorophyll content and decreased electrolyte leakage of plants in saline conditions. Leaf relative water content (LRWC) of plants in the salt stress condition increased with bacterial application, but reduced without bacterial application. The present study suggests that PGPB seed treatments can ameliorate the deleterious effects of salt stress on radish plants and PGPB could offer an economical and simple application to reduce problems of radish production in an Aridisol caused by high salinity.     

A novel amino acid substitution Ala-122-Tyr in ALS confers high-level and broad resistance across ALS-inhibiting herbicides

BACKGROUND: Wild radish, a problem weed worldwide, is a severe dicotyledonous weed in crops. In Australia, sustained reliance on ALS‐inhibiting herbicides to control this species has led to the evolution of many resistant populations endowed by any of several ALS mutations. The molecular basis of ALS‐inhibiting herbicide resistance in a novel resistant population was studied. RESULTS: ALS gene sequencing revealed a previously unreported substitution of Tyr for Ala at amino acid position 122 in resistant individuals of a wild radish population (WARR30). A purified subpopulation individually homozygous for the Ala‐122‐Tyr mutation was generated and characterised in terms of its response to the different chemical classes of ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Whole‐plant dose‐response studies showed that the purified subpopulation was highly resistant to chlorsulfuron, metosulam and imazamox, with LD₅₀ or GR₅₀ R/S ratio of > 1024, > 512 and > 137 respectively. The resistance to imazypyr was found to be relatively moderate (but still substantial), with LD₅₀ and GR₅₀ R/S ratios of > 16 and > 7.8 respectively. In vitro ALS activity assays showed that Ala‐122‐Tyr ALS was highly resistant to all tested ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. CONCLUSION: The molecular basis of ALS‐inhibiting herbicide resistance in wild radish population WARR30 was identified to be due to an Ala‐122‐Tyr mutation in the ALS gene. This is the first report of an amino acid substitution at Ala‐122 in the plant ALS that confers high‐level and broad‐spectrum resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides, a remarkable contrast to the known mutation Ala‐122‐Thr endowing resistance to imidazolinone herbicide. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

春瓠子-夏大白菜秧-秋黄瓜-冬萝卜高效栽培模式

从2008年开始武汉市蔬菜技术服务总站在武汉市东西湖区成功示范了保护地春瓠子-夏大白菜秧-秋黄瓜-冬萝卜高效栽培模式.从周年茬口安排、品种选择及用种量、整地施肥、播种育苗、定植密度、田间管理、病虫害防治、及时采收等方面对该模式进行了较为全面深入系统的实践和探索.     

越冬栽培与冬贮‘潍县青’萝卜的品质比较

为供应早春市场,在山东地区比较了利用不加温日光温室冬季生产的与贮藏的‘潍县青’萝卜肉质根品质。结果表明:温室栽培萝卜的含水量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉酶活性显著高于贮藏的萝卜,且其根长大于30cm的‘潍县青’萝卜营养和风味品质较好;利用不加温日光温室冬季生产‘潍县青’萝卜供应早春市场是可行的,其皮色鲜绿、肉质脆嫩、适口性强,商品性较好,经济效益高。     

不同植物生长调节剂抑制反季节萝卜抽薹效应的研究

以‘潍县萝卜’为试材,于三叶期喷施不同浓度的烯效唑(S3307)、脱落酸(ABA)、青鲜素(MH)和矮壮素(CCC),调查萝卜的现蕾率和抽薹率,并测定萝卜叶片C/N的变化。结果表明:S3307、ABA、MH和CCC喷施处理萝卜幼苗表现为不同程度的矮化、健壮,抽薹率分别比对照降低42.1%、14.1%、90.6%、23.7%,其中MH处理严重抑制生长。烯效唑600mg/L处理使萝卜叶片内C/N下降80.2%,有效地降低了植株的现蕾率、抽薹率(分别下降67.3%、59.8%),在春季萝卜反季节生产中使用能有效延缓现蕾抽薹的进程。     

华北平原滴灌条件下土壤水势对萝卜生长的影响

通过控制滴灌滴头下20cm深处土壤水势下限(-15kPa,N1;-25kPa,N2;-35kPa,N3;-45kPa,N4;-55kPa,N5),研究了不同处理土壤水势随时间和空间的变化规律,以及不同土壤水势处理对萝卜叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、周径膨大、干重积累等生长参数的影响,并对各处理间产量、水分利用效率进行了比较,发现在华北平原下半年降雨较多的情况下种植秋萝卜:(1)不同土壤水势处理对萝卜的生长发育没有明显影响;(2)不同处理水分利用效率不同:N5>N4>N3>N2>N1;(3)滴灌条件下,不同土壤水势处理萝卜的平均重量和产量都高于地面灌溉。     

萝卜软腐病生防菌株Hy11的筛选、鉴定及定殖特性

为探讨银杏内生细菌对萝卜软腐病的防病作用,通过块根接种和温室盆栽试验筛选对萝卜软腐菌Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum具有高效抑制作用的生防菌株,共获得8株拮抗作用较强的内生细菌,其中菌株Hy11抑菌作用明显.对生防菌株Hy11进行了形态观察、生理生化特性测定、16S rDNA和gyrB基因序列分析,并应用绿色荧光蛋白基因标记菌株Hy11,研究该菌株在萝卜体内的定殖动态.结果显示,该菌株对萝卜软腐病具有较好的防效,对萝卜块根和幼苗的防治效果分别为77.9％和66.7％;对萝卜幼苗的促生率达113.28％.经鉴定,菌株Hy11为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.标记菌株Hy11-gfp在喷雾接种银杏叶片后0～3 d种群数量呈急剧下降趋势,10d后保持相对稳定;其在萝卜的根、茎和叶中均能够定殖,在根中的定殖数量最高可达1.2×104 CFU/g.     

常温贮藏期间潍县萝卜肉质根糠心指数与营养成分的变化规律及其相关性研究

为了探讨萝卜糠心与营养成分之间的关系,以潍县萝卜为试材,研究了常温(15℃)贮藏0、10、20、30、40 d时潍县萝卜肉质根糠心指数及皮和肉中相对含水量、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖及淀粉含量的变化,并分析了萝卜糠心指数与营养指标的相关性。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,潍县萝卜肉质根糠心指数显著增加,至贮藏40 d时糠心指数达48.09%;潍县萝卜肉质根皮和肉中的相对含水量及维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉含量总体呈显著下降的趋势;而潍县萝卜肉质根皮中游离氨基酸的含量总体呈上升的趋势,肉中则正好相反。相关分析表明,潍县萝卜肉中的相对含水量、维生素C含量及皮中的可溶性糖含量均与糠心指数呈显著负相关,说明相对含水量、维生素C和可溶性糖含量的下降可能是导致萝卜糠心的重要因素之一;且除维生素C和游离氨基酸外,其他指标皮和肉之间均存在显著的相关关系,说明其他指标在皮和肉中的变化趋势一致。此外,在贮藏20 d内,萝卜肉质根中营养物质的变化幅度较小,且糠心指数仅为31.91%,因此为了保证萝卜的食用品质,其常温贮藏的时间以不超过20 d为宜。