夏萝卜中有机磷农药残留消解动态及影响因素

利用酶抑制快速检测法对有机磷农药在夏萝卜中的消解动态变化进行了研究 ,结果表明 :敌敌畏、辛硫磷降解较快 ,敌百虫最慢 ,每种农药都有随浓度的增大残留量增加的趋势 ;从农药的残留量的影响因素来看 ,农药的残留量与植株叶绿素含量呈正相关 ,与植株鲜重呈负相关。     

白萝卜振动远红外干燥工艺参数优化

为解决白萝卜干燥加工中存在营养成分损失大、设备能耗大和干制品品质差等问题,利用自行设计的往复振动式远红外干燥机,采用单因素和二次通用旋转组合的试验设计方法,探讨振动频率、加热温度、物料厚度对白萝卜脱水速率、复水率、VC含量和单位能耗的影响及因子间交互作用对指标的影响,建立了各指标与试验因素间的回归模型。采用加权综合评分法和线性功效系数法,将多目标综合优化,确定了干燥工艺的最优参数,即干燥温度68℃,振动频率0.7 Hz,物料厚度7 mm。该工艺条件下白萝卜脱水速率为63.26%/h,复水比为3.94,VC含量为1.98 mg/g,单位能耗为6.55 k J/kg。对在此工艺条件下干燥的白萝卜干制品进行环境扫描电镜(ESEM)分析,结果显示,细胞组织保存比较完整,能够较真实地反映样品的组织结构原貌。优化的工艺条件可有效提高干燥效率,同时降低白萝卜干制品中营养成分的损失,为白萝卜干振动远红外干燥技术在实际生产中的应用提供参考。     

融合及培养条件对甘蓝和萝卜原生质体融合及细胞分裂的影响

探讨了融合液、原生质体密度及不同品种对原生质体融合效果的影响。在融合液中加入0.5mol/L甘露醇和1mmol/LCaCl·22H2O可以有效提高融合率。1×105/mL的原生质体密度可以得到较高的二体融合率。不同品种对融合率影响不大,但对细胞分裂率有较大影响。     

萝卜根肿病抗感品种间侵染过程及生理生化差异分析

根肿病是十字花科作物的重要病害之一,严重影响十字花科作物（油菜、白菜和萝卜等）的产量和品质。为探究根肿病的抗病机理,为防治十字花科根肿病进行田间早期的诊断预报提供依据,以两个抗病性不同的萝卜品种为试验材料,观察了根肿菌侵染的差异,利用qPCR技术测定了不同时间点根内根肿菌含量,并采用紫外分光光度法测定了其接种根肿菌后根部防御酶活性和可溶性糖含量。结果表明：根肿菌在两个萝卜品种中均发生根毛（初级）侵染,但是仅能在感病萝卜根中完成侵染循环,抗病萝卜没有观察到皮层（次级）侵染。推测次级游动孢子不能分化成休眠孢子囊是抗病萝卜抗病的主要原因。在接种后第25~45 d,感病萝卜根内的菌含量显著增加,抗病萝卜则相反,提示此期间是根肿菌在感病萝卜体内快速繁殖的重要时期。同时,接菌后抗病萝卜根部SOD活性、POD活性和可溶性糖含量高于感病品种,而CAT活性低于感病萝卜,表明较高的SOD、POD活性和可溶性糖含量以及较低的CAT活性对于萝卜的根肿病抗性具有重要的作用。     

中国萝卜皮色遗传的初步研究

通过对中国萝卜（ＲａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．ｖａｒ．ＬｏｎｇｉｐｉｎｎａｔｕｓＢａｉｌｅｙ）不同皮色试材的杂交，Ｆ１、Ｆ２自交，研究了皮色遗传表现。初步结果表明，皮部绿色（即绿皮）依不同杂交组合，可能有不同的遗传模式，即可由１对基因控制，也可由２对连锁的基因或独立分配的基因对控制。若为连锁的２对基因控制时，它们还受到细胞质基因组（可能主要是质体基因组）的互作，表现出明显的偏母遗传现象。皮部红色（即红皮）似有３对独立遗传的基因控制，这３对基因还有相互作用，其中１对可能与绿色控制基因连锁。这样，红皮与绿皮试材杂交时，参与遗传的基因可达４～５对，它们之间出现复杂的相互作用，而使Ｆ２代出现暗紫、洋红、绿色、紫绿等众多不同颜色。其中有的基因还可能影响到肉质色的遗传，使暗紫色Ｆ２代个体自交，Ｆ３代分离出少数紫皮红心萝卜，将其再自交，则能分离出绿皮红心萝卜，从而在实验过程中证实和重演了绿皮红心萝卜的起源。     

河西地区适宜种植水果萝卜品种的筛选

【目的】在河西地区引进 8 种国内优质的水果萝卜,筛选适宜当地种植的水果萝卜品种,为新品种选育、种质资源创新和新品种推广提供理论依据。【方法】选取适宜鲜食的 8 种水果萝卜品种（七星、华懿水果萝卜、潍县萝卜、串心红、苹果脆、申萌脆梨、醉红和君川景福,依次编号为T1~T8）为试材,测定叶长、叶宽、最大展幅、地上部根长、根粗,气孔导度（G_s）、净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、叶绿素含量SPAD值、水分利用效率（WUE）,以及可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、粗纤维含量和产量等指标,结合感官评价法对水果萝卜品质进行综合评价。【结果】8种水果萝卜出苗率有差异,出苗最早的为T2;8种水果萝卜果实发育时间为40~48 d,生长势和整齐度表现良好;植株生长性状存在丰富的多样性,T7地上部根最长,T2根最粗,T7叶长和叶宽显著高于其余品种（T6、T8叶宽除外）;T2叶片P_n、G_s、C_i、T_r、SPAD表现最好;WUE呈先升后降的趋势（除T8外）;不同品种风味品质的感官评价综合得分为15.50~22.31,T2最高;不同品种可溶性固形物含量为7.06~10.29 mg/g,维生素C含量为9.75~15.23 mg/hg,可溶性糖含量为4.83~9.16 mg/g,粗纤维含量为12.27%~18.87%;T2的单根质量、小区产量和单位面积产量最高,较T7分别显著增加73.00%,55.05%和54.21%。【结论】引种河西地区后,8种水果萝卜品种农艺性状和果实品质表现出丰富的多样性,其中T2的综合得分和产量最高,适宜作为河西地区水果萝卜种植及种质创新的材料。     

Na2CO3胁迫对萝卜种子萌发的影响

以萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)种子为材料,采用纸上萌发法研究了不同浓度的Na2CO3对萝卜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:2mmol·L-1的Na2CO3处理对萝卜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚芽长、胚根长和胚鲜重等均有一定的促进作用。显著抑制萝卜种子萌发的Na2CO3浓度为5mmol·L-1,显著抑制胚根生长的浓度为5mmol·L-1,显著抑制胚芽生长的浓度为10mmol·L-1。     

Biofumigant Biomass,Nutrient Content,and Glucosinolate Response to Phosphorus

Information on biofumigant-green manure vegetative biomass, nutrient, and glucosinolate content sensitivity to phosphorus (P) is lacking for species used in potato and sugarbeet production. Therefore, available P effects on field-grown condiment yellow mustard (Sinapis alba, cv. IdaGold) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativa, cv. Colonel) were evaluated (2001–03). Low soil P was generally more limiting to radish foliage P concentrations or uptake than to the mustard, suggesting inherent differences in their ability to access and accumulate P. While radish P and S concentrations increased with higher P, concentrations in mustard were either unaffected or reduced. Foliage P concentrations were more closely related to biomass of radish (r² = 0.46) than mustard (r² = 0.11). Mustard exceeded radish in biomass and S accumulation. Phosphorus effects on glucosinolates producing ionic or isothiocyanates were relatively insignificant. These biofumigants differ appreciably in their ability to access and accumulate P, but P effects on nutrient content or glucosinolates were minor.     

氮钾硫配方施肥对萝卜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响

为使人们能够吃上健康的无公害食品,采用三因素五水平最优回归设计,探讨了氮钾硫配方施肥对黄泥土萝卜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,萝卜高产和低硝酸盐含量的最佳氮钾硫用量为N 180~200 kg/hm2,K2O 120~150 kg/hm2,S 135~160 kg/hm2。     

Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiles of Myrosinase Gene（RsMyr2） in Radish（Raphanus sativus L.）

Myrosinase is a defense-related enzyme and is capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates into a variety of compounds, some of which are toxic to pathogens and herbivores. Many studies revealed that a number of important vegetables or oil crops contain the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. However, the related promoter and genomic DNA sequences as well as expression profiles of myrosinase gene remain largely unexplored in radish（Raphanus sativus）. In this study, the 2 798 bp genomic DNA sequence, designated as RsMyr2, was isolated and analyzed in radish. The RsMyr2 consisting of 12 exons and 11 introns reflected the common gene structure of myrosinases. Using the genomic DNA walking approach, the 5′-flanking region upstream of RsMyr2 with length of 1 711 bp was successfully isolated. PLACE and PlantCARE analyses revealed that this upstream region could be the promoter of RsMyr2, which contained several basic cis-regulatory elements including TATA-box, CAAT-box and regulatory motifs responsive to defense and stresses. Furthermore, recombinant pET-RsMyr2 protein separated by SDS-PAGE was identified as myrosinase with mass spectrometry. Real-time PCR analysis showed differential expression profiles of RsMyr2 in leaf, stem and root at different developmental stages（e.g., higher expression in leaf at cotyledon stage and lower in flesh root at mature stage）. Additionally, the RsMyr2 gene exhibited up-regulated expression when treated with abscisic acid（ABA）, methyl jasmonate（MeJA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, whereas it was down-regulated by wounding（WO） treatment. The findings indicated that the expression of RsMyr2 gene was differentially regulated by these stress treatments. These results could provide new insight into elucidating the molecular characterization and biological function of myrosinase in radish.