华北农牧交错带退化草地土壤种子库动态变化

对华北农牧交错带不同退化演替阶段土壤种子库的数量和物种组成及与地上植被的关系进行了初步的研究,结果表明:农牧交错带草地在刈割和放牧等干扰下,发生逆行演替,土壤种子库中植物种类及种子数量呈递减的趋势,轻度退化类型土壤种子库物种组成最高,有23种植物,种子数量最多,有4 303粒,禾本科所占比例较大,为32.3%;而极度退化草地物种组成最低,有14种植物,种子数量仅有1 156粒,禾本科只占8.4%.草地逆行演替过程中植被与土壤种子库在物种组成上存在一定差别,中度退化阶段差别最大,有18种植物未在种子库中出现,极度退化阶段差别最小,有2种未在种子库中出现.     

野生甘草资源植冠种子库特性的初步研究

甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)是荒漠地区具有植冠种子库的植物。成熟种子硬实率高达80%以上[1],自然条件下种子萌发率很低(约为5%-15%)[2]。本文研究了荒漠区野生甘草植冠种子库大小、种子活力、对土壤种子库的补充、种子脱落机理及植冠种子库的生态功能,指出野生甘草资源植冠种子库在甘草资源保护和恢复方面的重要作用。     

提高湖南省杂交棉种质量水平的商榷

在市场经济迅速发展、种子生产、流通量不断增加和加入WTO的新形势下，充分提高湖南省棉种的质量水平，推动棉种产业化的健康发展，对农民增收、农村稳定具有重大的现实意义。本文简要介绍了提高湖南棉种质量水平的紧迫性和可行性。在此基础上提出了提高棉种质量水平促进产业化发展的几点建议。     

Influence of alkyl oleates on efficacy of phenmedipham applied as an acetone:water solution on Galium aparine

Galium aparine plants were treated at the two-whorl stage with technical-grade phenmedipham. The active ingredient was applied at 10 doses as an acetone:water solution, without emulsifier, alone or in mixture with an ester of oleic acid (methyl, butyl, octyl, dodecanyl, octadecanyl). The plant response was described by a log-logistic regression model. Phenmedipham applied alone did not kill the plants even at the highest dose (1621 g a.i. ha⁻¹). In contrast, addition of any alkyl oleate to phenmedipham killed the plants at the 200–400 g a.i. ha⁻¹ doses. The alkyl oleates differently affected activity of phenmedipham. Their effects could be ranked as follows: butyl ≥ methyl; octyl> methyl; dodecanyl ≤ methyl; octadecanyl < methyl oleate. Thus, butyl and octyl oleate promoted phenmedipham activity more than methyl oleate.     

Effects of Pre-Stratification Storage Conditions on Black Walnut Seed Post-Stratification Germination Capacity

The objective of this work was to quantify changes in the germination capacity of Juglans nigra seeds following storage and then artificial stratification. Seeds were stored at 5 and –20 °C under 5% and 14% internal moisture content (IMC) for 0, 8, 10, and 12 months under conditions with oxygen or under vacuum. Germination percentage (GP) was affected by storage temperature, IMC, and storage period. Seeds stored with 5% IMC succeeded in germinating regardless of the temperature. Seeds stored with 14% IMC did not germinate (–20 °C) or germinated during storage (5 °C). The GP was reduced with the time of storage in seeds at –20 °C and 5% IMC and this effect was avoided in storage under vacuum. In conclusion, the germination capacity of black walnut seeds did not change for up to 12 months at low above-zero temperature and low IMC (5 °C, 5% IMC), being the most cost-effective alternative for long-term storage of black walnut seeds in commercial nurseries. Vacuum storage avoided the decrease of around 50% in average germination capacity of seeds stored for a year at –20 °C.     

春小麦种子物理指标与种子活力关系的初步分析

以2013—2015年116份春小麦种子样品为材料,应用Seed Identification软件并结合仪器和手工测定获得17个物理指标值(千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、厚度、比重、硬度、灰度值、RGB颜色模型中红色R、绿色G和蓝色B、Lab颜色模型中的亮度L、色彩通道a和色彩通道b、HSB颜色模型中的色相H、饱和度S和亮度B。利用主成分分析法和聚类分析法,在标准环境及3种逆境(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和人工加速老化胁迫)下,探讨了春小麦种子物理指标与种子活力的关系。研究发现各培养环境下,种子活力与种子的千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、S和a有明显相关性。千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、S和a值较小的小粒种子比大粒种子表现出更高的活力。本研究结果表明:小粒种子较大粒种子有更强的耐逆境能力;千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、S和a可作为逆境萌发条件下高活力种子样品筛选的候选指标。     

生物活性水对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

用生物活性水对番茄种子进行浸种处理,稀释倍数分别为10、100、200、400、800,以清水作为对照,探索生物活性水对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:番茄种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗株高、根长及叶绿素含量(SPAD)均高于对照,其中稀释100倍的生物活性水最有利于番茄种子萌发,稀释100倍和200倍的生物活性水均有利于促进主根伸长,且生物活性水在一定范围内存在浓度效应。     

恩施碎米荠种子蛋白质双向电泳初探

对湖北恩施高硒地区生长的具有超富硒能力的植物恩施碎米荠的种子蛋白质用TCA-丙酮沉淀提取,等电聚焦采用固相梯度胶条,双向电泳分离蛋白质.结果表明,蛋白质样品制备的质量高;银染胶图背景干净,蛋白点清晰,且呈现较好的聚焦结果,无明显拖尾或横纹现象;蛋白质集中分布在pH5～10的范围之内,分子量主要在20～60 kμ的范围之内.     

不同浸泡处理对破除那曲不同退化草甸草地土壤种子库种子休眠的影响研究

[目的]研究不同浸泡处理对破除那曲不同退化草甸草地土壤种子库种子休眠的影响。[方法]采用不同浓度的H2SO4、GA3、KNO3浸泡不同退化草甸草地土壤种子库种子,并测定其发芽数。[结果]60％、70％、80％。90％H2SO4浸泡土壤库种子时,种子发芽个数均为0,种子发芽均受到抑制;用GA3浸泡土壤库种子时,种子发芽数随着GA3浓度的增加而增加,当浓度增大至0．1％时,种子发芽个数受到抑制;用0．2％KNO3浸泡土壤库种子时,种子发芽个数较空白对照均有所提高。[结论]在中度退化草地和重度退化草地土壤种子库中,种子留存数较多;而轻度退化草地和极度退化草地中种子较少。     

艾蒿对不同植物幼苗的化感作用初探

在室内用离体生物测定方法测定了艾蒿水浸提物对黄瓜、油菜、高粱、萝卜和小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并同时测定了黄瓜和萝卜幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,艾蒿水浸提液对5种植物种子的萌发和幼苗生长均有较强的抑制作用,5种受体植物中,以油菜最为敏感,其次为萝卜。0.025g/mL浓度的艾蒿水提液对5种受体油菜、萝卜、黄瓜、小麦和高粱种子的综合效应(SE)分别为100%,87.26%,69.88%,61.11%和52.77%。艾蒿水提物能引起黄瓜和萝卜幼苗MDA含量的升高,表明艾蒿化感作用对受体植物的影响很可能与其引起MDA含量升高,从而导致植物细胞膜的破坏有关。