在韩国片断化林区内道路对小型啮齿类种群的影响

The road effect on small rodent population is investigated at 8 fragmented forest areas in the Baekdudaegan moun-tain range, South Korea in September 2001, We especially focused on the distribution and body condition of small rodents near the roads, Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) seems to be more sensitive to the existence of a road than striped field mouse (Apodemus agradus), Korean field mouse prefers interior forest area to around road. Striped field mouse is a habitat generalist and has wide distributional range around road, but Korean field mouse is forest-inhabiting species and their distribu-tion is limited in forest area. These results suggest the effect of road is different on each small rodent species and their habitat preferences.     

Effects of organic acid treatments on small hive beetles, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aethina tumida</Emphasis>, and the associated yeast <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kodamaea ohmeri</Emphasis>

In honeybee, Apis mellifera, colonies infested with larval and adult small hive beetles (SHB), hive material, and in particular honey, tends to ferment, probably due to SHB-associated yeasts such as the predominant Kodamaea ohmeri. Here, we test the effects of organic acids on K. ohmeri and on SHB-infested honey/pollen combs. Organic acids were applied at standard concentrations used by beekeepers to control other pests. In laboratory tests, the growth of K. ohmeri was significantly inhibited by lactic, formic and acetic acids. Treatments of SHB-infested honey/pollen combs (N = 18 colonies) with acetic acid significantly increased mortality of adult SHB and treatments with formic acid significantly reduced larval infestation. Our data suggest that treatment of honeybee colonies and storage rooms with organic acids could also help in reducing SHB damage.     

Using the LANDIS model to evaluate forest harvesting and planting strategies under possible warming climates in Northeastern China

The Small Khingan Mountains in northeastern China provide most of the timber and wood products in the country. Evaluating the long-term effects of harvesting and planting strategies is important especially as the climate changes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the projected climate warming on potential changes in species’ coverage (percent cover), area harvested (percentage of the study area) and species harvested, using the LANDIS model. Our evaluation was based on the harvest and planting plans specified in Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP). Our simulated results show that the coverage of southern species such as Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and ribbed birch (Betula costata) increases, whereas the coverage of northern species like larch (Larix gmelinii), Kingan fir (Abies nephrolepis), spruces (Picea koraiensis and P. jezoensis) and Dahur birch (Betula davurica) decreases under the warming climate in the region. The species harvested primarily consist of the southern species, especially deciduous species under the warming climate. The warming climate leads to 11.2% increase in area harvested compared to that under the current climate, when planting is not simulated. When planting is simulated, tradeoffs between planting and area harvested are complex. The area harvested only increases in places where moderate planting is implemented, and decreases in places with both low (≤5% area planted) and high (≥30%) planting percentage. This is because when the planting percentage is low, the rate of increase of harvestable species due to planting is lower than the rate of decrease of warming-declining species. When the planting percentage is high, the rate of increase of planted species is higher than the rate of colonization of warming-adapted deciduous species, and the planted species delay the establishment of the warming-adaptable species that have short harvest rotations (due to lower harvestable ages). Our results suggest that the management strategy with planting area of 20% is the best among all the scenarios simulated. Under this warming climate, moderate planting area (e.g. 20%) increases the area harvested to about 43%, which is still less than that (58%) designated in the NFPP. These results have important implications for forest managers designing sustainable forest harvest and reforestation strategies for the landscape under the warming climate.     

转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨对分月扇舟蛾中肠组织结构的影响

采用透射电镜观察,取食转蜘蛛杀虫肽与B t毒蛋白C肽融合蛋白基因小黑杨叶片后的分月扇舟蛾幼虫的中肠组织病理变化,结果发现：幼虫中肠组织受到严重破坏,柱状细胞、杯状细胞结构发生明显的病理变化;随着取食时间和取食量的增加,其病变和破坏的程度逐渐加剧。     

丽水市小径竹资源调查与分析

通过对丽水市小径竹林种类、面积、分布、立地条件、林分状况、经营现状的全面调查,掌握了资源状况,分析了资源特点和开发潜力,提出了保护与利用开发的建议.     

河北小五台山自然保护区亚高山野生金莲花草甸现状及保护对策

小五台山自然保护区分布的亚高山野生金莲花草甸在华北地区极具独特性和珍稀性,具有重要的生态和科研价值。由于金莲花自身的生态价值的稀缺性和分布生境的脆弱性以及面临的采摘、放牧等威胁,使得金莲花的种群分布急剧下降。为了更好的保护这一珍贵自然遗产资源,对保护区金莲花的分布现状、生态价值及受到的威胁进行研究,并对金莲花草甸保护对策进行探讨和分析,主要措施有：加大对金莲花草甸生态价值及保护的宣传教育力度,对破坏严重的区域采取人工抚育的方法,推广金莲花人工栽培规范化技术及依法治理等。     

策略Ⅰ植物铁吸收稳态调控研究进展

铁是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素.作为辅酶因子和电子传递链组分,铁参与了光合作用、呼吸作用等多种重要的生理代谢过程.铁在地壳中的含量虽然丰富,但在中性和碱性土壤中大多以Fe3+的形式存在,溶解度极低,限制了土壤中铁的生物有效性,导致植物生长发育易受缺铁影响,致使植物缺铁失绿已成为全世界普遍关注的问题.但在低pH和长期淹...     

宁南黄土丘陵区新型集流造林工程的规划设计与应用

为了探索在小流域土壤侵蚀治理基础上的雨水集蓄利用技术和模式,以半干旱黄土丘陵区国家重点治理小流域为研究对象,遵循坡地水量平衡原理和雨水叠加利用理论,提出了一种新型小流域坡地集雨蓄水工程整地造林技术—“88542”集流水平沟。研究这类工程的内涵、集流潜力及其断面参数。并对工程集蓄的径流通过典型工程应用,分析研究了集流水平沟对土壤水分的恢复调控和土壤的改良效果。结果表明,在半干旱黄土丘陵地区适宜修建“88542”集流水平沟,在0~100 cm土层,与自然坡面相比土壤平均含水量提高5.26%;粉砂粒和粘粒含量提高0.67%和1.53%;有机质提高80%;容重降低11.59%;土壤饱和持水量、田间持水量、毛管持水量、总孔隙度、透气度分别增加了0.63%、2.03%、1.92%、2.71%、5.29%,而且林木的生长量也大幅度提高。     

杨梅简易气调保鲜过程中气体成分变化及保鲜效果

以东魁杨梅为试材,研究简易自发气调贮藏(MA)和充氮气调贮藏(NA)条件下,杨梅贮藏小环境中气体成分的变化和对贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:在MA中,乙烯浓度在2d达到高峰;O2前4d浓度急剧下降,后维持在2.48%至1.78%;CO2一直呈上升趋势,试验过程浓度提高了124.3%。在NA中,乙烯高峰出现时间明显推迟、峰高降低;O2浓度维持在2.28%-1.82%,CO2变化与MA相似,浓度提高了131.3%。MA和NA均有效延缓杨梅鲜果的软化变质,减缓果实硬度和总糖的下降速率。贮藏至16d,NA和MA中果实变质率分别比对照下降31.6%和22.5%,硬度比对照增加25.93%和21.98%,总糖含量处理与对照无明显差异。     

鸡IL-2全基因和去信号肽基因的酵母表达研究

根据已发表的鸡白介素-2（ChIL-2）cDNA编码基因序列设计三条引物,利用RT-PCR技术从经诱导的卢氏鸡胚脾淋巴细胞中扩增出429bp的ChIL-2全长基因cDNA和363bp去除信号肽的ChIL-2基因cDNA。分别克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZαA中,并分别转化巴斯德毕赤酵母X-33中,经甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE检测,在28kD和24kD处有两条清晰的蛋白带,相同条件下pPICZαA-△SIL-2表达量较高。RNAstructure软件分析表明,pPICZαA-IL-2的序列形成了较为稳定的二级结构,不利于翻译,证明信号肽序列的存在对ChIL-2基因在酵母细胞中的表达有一定的影响。