Role of miR-219 and TGFBR2 in pathogenesis of renal fibrosis

AIM:To study the role of microRNA-219 (miR-219) in regulation of transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) in renal fibrosis. METHODS:The renal fibrosis patients (n=70) were selected in this stu-dy, and 20 cases of healthy people were selected as control group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-219 in the serum of the patients with renal fibrosis and control group, and the expression of miR-219 in NRK49F cells after stimulation with angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) was detected. The protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the NRK49F cells transfected with miR-219 mimics after stimulation with AngⅡ was determined by Western blot. The potential target gene TGFBR2 of miR-219 was screened and verified by the method of luciferase reporter gene. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detected the effect of miR-219 mimics on the expression of TGFBR2 at mRNA and protein levels, and the mRNA expression of α-SMA, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), type I collagen α1 (COL1A1) and COL3A1 in the NRK49F cells was also detected, respectively. The unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mouse model was established and the expression of miR-219 in the renal tissue was monitored. The morphological change of renal fibrosis was observed in the UUO mice after injection of miR-219, and the mRNA expression levels of COL1A1 and COL3A1 were detected. RESULTS:The expression level of miR-219 in the patients with renal fibrosis was significantly lower than that in control group, and the expression of miR-219 in the UUO mice was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The expression level of miR-219 was significantly decreased in the NRK49F cells after AngⅡ stimulation, and miR-219 mimics inhibited the protein expression of α-SMA(P<0.01). miR-219 mimics had a targeted regulatory effect on TGFBR2 gene, which inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of TGFBR2. miR-219 mimics inhibited the mRNA expression of α-SMA, CTGF, COL1A1 and COL3A1. miR-219 also down-regulated the mRNA expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 in the UUO mice and inhibited the process of renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION:miR-219 inhibits the development of renal fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of TGFBR2, which may become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of renal fibrosis.     

春大棚基质化栽培辣椒品种比较试验

为了提高甜辣椒规模化、产业化生产的竞争力,进一步提高产量、效益和品质,加快甜辣椒栽培管理技术的推广和应用,特引进7个辣椒新品种并采用基质化栽培管理模式进行对比研究。通过对辣椒生长势、品质和产量的比较分析,结果表明:夏驰、国福908、海迈604表现突出,具有个大、肉厚、口感好、品质优、连续坐果性好等特点,而且产量、效益较高,抗病性强,适合设施基质化栽培生产,有很好的推广价值。     

海水浇灌对不同品种火龙果扦插苗生长和若干生理指标的影响

为明确海水胁迫对火龙果生长生理的影响,以不同品种火龙果(‘帝龙’、‘红龙’、‘紫蜜龙’和‘白龙’)为研究对象,研究了海水(浓度为0、10%、20%和30%)浇灌下不同品种火龙果生长指标和生理特征的变化。结果表明:(1)海水浇灌下4个品种火龙果地上部鲜重均表现为减小趋势,但10%海水浇灌可显著增加‘帝龙’的株高增加量。(2)与淡水相比,海水浇灌下4个品种火龙果地上部和根部K+/Na+均呈不同程度下降趋势,当海水浓度为30%时,与其他3个品种相比,‘帝龙’地上部和根部K+/Na+下降幅度最小。(3)4个品种火龙果地上部可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、CAT活性和SOD活性随海水浓度增加均呈先上升后下降趋势。其中,20%海水处理下,‘帝龙’可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和CAT活性上升幅度均高于其他品种。可见,低浓度海水胁迫下,火龙果表现出一定耐盐性,且‘帝龙’耐盐性相对较好。     

海南水稻生育期的时空变化特征及对气候变暖的响应

基于海南6个农业气象观测站点的水稻生育期资料和1961~2014年历史气象数据,分析了海南不同地区水稻生育期的时空分布特征,以及气候变暖对海南水稻生育期的影响。结果表明,近54 a海南水稻生长季内平均气温呈上升趋势,早稻气候倾向率为0.21~0.3℃/10 a,以苗期最为明显,晚稻为0.18~0.24℃/10 a,以成熟期最为明显。不同地区水稻生育期差异较大,东部地区早于西部地区,早稻播种时间最大相差55 d,早稻收获和晚稻播种最大间隔42 d,降水和高温可能是造成这一差异的主要原因。随着气候变暖,海南大部分地区早稻生育期提前,晚稻生育期延迟,苗期和成熟期持续时间缩短,与该阶段平均气温呈负相关,但全生育期持续时间变异较大,部分站点略有延长。在未来气候变暖背景下,海南早稻播期可适当提前,晚稻播期可适当延迟,并选用耐高温和抗干旱品种,以减轻高温的不利影响。     

球孢白僵菌不同施用方式对玉米促生作用的研究

采用土壤施用和叶面喷施2种方式将球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)菌株Bb202接种至玉米,研究不同接种方式及处理浓度对玉米生长的影响。结果表明,2种喷施方式对玉米苗均存在促生作用,且这种促生作用与孢子接种浓度密切相关。在叶面喷施处理中,白僵菌仅对玉米地上部分生长指标有促进作用,而对玉米苗的根长无显著影响;其中1.0×10~4孢子/m L处理组对玉米苗的促生效果最佳,其株高、叶长、叶宽、鲜重指标比蒸馏水对照组分别高出7.47%、15.42%、25.70%和16.85%。在土壤喷施处理中,白僵菌对玉米苗地上与地下部分均有显著促生作用;其中1.0×106孢子/m L和1.0×10~8孢子/m L处理组,玉米株高、叶长、根长、生物量指标较蒸馏水对照组分别提高了28.66%和29.59%、30.66%和37.85%、43.08%和33.60%、28.35%和32.55%。从对玉米苗的促生作用来看,用1.0×106孢子/m L的白僵菌悬浮液处理土壤,可以取得最经济、最显著的促生效果。     

不同木屑颗粒度对工厂化压块香菇生长的影响

以香菇(Lentinula edodes)工厂化生产品种沪香F2为供试菌株,以香菇生产常用配方(78%木屑,20%麸皮,2%石膏)为基础培养料,以菌丝生长速度、子实体产量、单菇重、出菇期、生物学效率以及菇型等为筛选指标,考察不同木屑颗粒度配比对工厂化压块条件下香菇生产的影响。结果表明:颗粒度组合M3(K1∶1.5mm以下,K2∶1.5~3.0mm,K3∶3.0~8.0mm;K1∶K2∶K3=1∶1∶1)的菌丝生长速度最快[(5.2±0.8)mm/d],单菇重最大[(27.1±1.0)g],产量较高[(178.7±3.6)g],菇型好,第一潮菇生物转化率可达到40.8%,生产周期可控制在100d以内,适合于在工厂化条件下应用。     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from lateral shoots of herbaceous bamboo Mniochloa abersend

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Mniochloa abersend via lateral shoots were conducted in this study. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for compact callus induction. Remarkably, calli on the MS medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D yielded the highest folds of proliferation (8.01), and showed a high potential capacity to differentiate 1 year after subculture. In addition, the compact calli possessed 100% differentiation rate and generated more shoots that were green and strong in 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Vigorous roots were generated in the 1/2MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, and the resultant plantlets exhibited 90% survival rate after they were hardened and transplanted. The established regeneration system of M. abersend provides a promising platform for bamboo gene function study.     

Yield of greenhouse-grown tomato in substrates containing coir and parboiled rice or burnt rice hulls

Substrate components produced in the sub-tropics or tropics were combined in various proportions as substrates for the greenhouse production of ‘Big Beef’ tomato. Coir was mixed with parboiled rice hulls (PBH) or burnt rice hulls (BRH) at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% volume. Fruit fresh weights at equal proportions of BRH or PBH in coir were similar, with the greatest fruit yields achieved with 50 to 100% coir (0 to 50% PBH or BRH). Compared to 100% coir, PBH in coir decreased substrate container capacity and increased air porosity, while BRH in coir increased container capacity and decreased the air porosity. Pre-plant fertilisation of the PBH + coir substrates (superphosphate, gypsum, trace elements, calcium nitrate, and surfactant) increased fruit yield significantly. Substrates containing 50 to 100% coir with BRH or PBH yielded greater fruit fresh weights than was achieved in in 70% BRH + 30% gravel (a typical substrate used in the Dominican Republic), and reusing the 70% BRH + 30% gravel led to a 36% increase in fruit fresh weight. Fruit fresh weights in 100% coir or 75% coir plus 25% PBH or BRH were similar to those achieved in a commercial peat-lite. Herein we report on substrates made from tropical components that perform similarly to a peat-based substrate in the production of greenhouse-grown tomatoes.     

Direct somatic embryogenesis in Epipactis veratrifolia,a temperate terrestrial orchid

Most temperate terrestrial orchids are endangered species. Attempts to produce plantlets from plants of the genus Epipactis by asexual methods have totally failed. This study was conducted using somatic embryogenesis as a rapid vegetative propagation technique for conservation of E. veratrifolia. For these purposes, effects of different types of plant growth regulators (PGRs), different types of explants, light and dark conditions, and the effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and Paclobutrazol (PBZ) were investigated on somatic embryogenesis induction. Abscisic acid (ABA) pre-treatment effectiveness on inducting somatic embryogenesis and increasing the number of embryos per explant were investigated. Subsequently, 16 media were tested to find the best medium for plant regeneration and shoot and root proliferation. BA (3 mg L^?1) resulted in a better response than the other PGRs by supporting the development of 17 embryos per protocorm. PBZ, which resulted in 11 embryos per explant, was better than GA₃. FAST medium supplemented with organic substances was recognized as the best medium for plant regeneration and shoot and root proliferation. ABA pre-treatment had positive effect on somatic embryogenesis initiation. This study, for the first time, succeeded in finding a rapid and suitable protocol for propagation and genetic resource conservation of E. veratrifolia.     

刈割次数对林下黑麦草产量与品质的影响

林下种草养禽是一种复合型生态农业模式,为了优化林下牧草的刈割方式,获得较高产量的优质牧草。以林下黑麦草为试验材料,设置不同刈割次数处理(1、2、3、4、5次),比较不同刈割次数对其生长性状、干物质累积、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:刈割4次处理,林下黑麦草鲜草和干草产量最高,分别为86.53 t/hm~2和11.83 t/hm~2,刈割5次处理,鲜草和干草产量分别下降10.27%和7.79%。随着刈割次数的增加,林下黑麦草粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分等营养成分含量有上升趋势,粗纤维含量有下降趋势。另外,各处理以第2茬和第3茬黑麦草干草产量和品质较高。与非林下黑麦草比较,林下黑麦草产量和品质稍有下降。本试验条件下,林下黑麦草刈割4次可兼顾高产与优质,并且适当延长第2茬和第3茬生长时间,有利于产量和品质提高。