敞口池塘和遮荫池塘养殖美洲鲥当年鱼种的生长规律和差异

对600尾各生长阶段的敞口池塘和遮荫池塘养殖美洲鲥当年鱼种的体长、体质量进行了测量与分析,研究比较了两种池塘养殖鱼种生长的规律和差异。结果显示:敞口池塘和遮荫池塘养殖美洲鲥当年鱼种的体长与体质量均呈良好的幂函数增长关系(W=aL~b,R~2 0. 99,P 0. 01,n=300),b值接近且略小于3(分别为2. 786 4和2. 843 1),体长生长略快于体质量生长。养殖试验初期(0～15 d),美洲鲥当年鱼种出现飞跃式补偿生长,而后鱼种体长和体质量的特定生长率均随养殖日龄增加呈现下降趋势。敞口池塘和遮荫池塘的鱼种体长生长均可用一次线性函数(L=at+b,R~2 0. 97,P 0. 01,n=9)拟合,体质量生长均可用二次函数拟合(W=at~2+bt+c,R2 0. 97,P 0. 01,n=9);养殖前期,在57 d(9月13日)前,敞口池塘的鱼种生长优于遮荫池塘,养殖后期,在79 d(10月5日)后,则相反。敞口池塘的饵料系数(1. 22)低于遮荫池塘(2. 04)。敞口池塘鱼种体长和体质量的变异系数明显小于遮荫池塘的变异系数(P 0. 05)。研究表明美洲鲥幼鱼对高温有良好的适应能力,其高温耐受力高于成鱼。建议美洲鲥池塘养殖过程中,当年鱼种采用敞口池塘养殖,而成鱼采用遮荫池塘养殖。     

建鲤生长激素促泌素受体1基因的特性及其与增重相关SNP位点的筛选

GHS-R基因在哺乳类为候选的肥胖和生长数量性状位点。本实验使用RT-PCR及PCR的方法,从建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)分离到2个jlGHS-R1s,称为jlGHS-R1a和jlGHS-R1b(分别简称1a和1b)。jlGHS-R1s的阅读框编码360个氨基酸,两者间相似性高达96%;另外还存在2个jlGHS-R1s的转录变体(分别简称1a’和1b’),选择性切割了翻译起始碱基后第490-680 nt的191 bp片段,该片段两端碱基分别为gt-ag,这种选择性切割导致翻译提前终止,仅翻译184个氨基酸,包括前面3个半跨膜区,这与已报道的罗非鱼等的保留内含子的转录变体不同。jlGHS-R1s的阅读框被1个内含子分隔,该内含子位于第260个氨基酸密码子的第1和第2个碱基之间,1a和1b的内含子长度分别为676 bp和885 bp。使用分段PCR在建鲤群体的1a和1b基因上共找到32个SNP位点,构建PCR-RFLP法对其中9个SNPs进行基因型检测,结果发现各种基因型在322尾建鲤中均有出现,但存在着明显的偏分布。与增重的相关分析表明,位点1a-I_C386T和1b-E1_G159T与雌雄鱼鱼种和成鱼阶段增重分别呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)相关,CC型和GG型个体增重最快,另外有5个位点则与其中的某阶段或者某性别的增重相关,为了确定上述所得标记的适用性,选取其中4个标记在另外7个家系共610尾鱼中检测,结果 C386T和G159T还是与增重呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)相关,可用于建鲤分子育种。     

海链藻絮凝及凝后保存技术研究

研究三氯化铁、氢氧化钠、壳聚糖、明矾4种絮凝剂对海链藻的絮凝作用及凝后保存效果。在海链藻培养过程中加入不同质量浓度的絮凝剂,采用吸光度法确定絮凝效果,凝后收集的海链藻在4℃、-4℃以及添加10%甘油作为保护剂-20℃3种方法保存。试验结果显示,海链藻的絮凝效率随着絮凝剂质量浓度的增加而增大,结合凝后海链藻的恢复效果,确定絮凝剂的适宜质量浓度。三氯化铁、明矾、氢氧化钠、壳聚糖的絮凝最适质量浓度分别为0.015、0.05、0.05、0.008g/L。藻泥在4℃直接保存最好,壳聚糖絮凝组的海链藻恢复生长效果最好,NaOH试验组最差,海链藻长时间处于生长停滞状态;-4℃直接保存效果最差。4种絮凝剂对海链藻均有明显的絮凝作用,各絮凝剂之间的絮凝效果存在差异,絮凝剂对海链藻的活性存在一定的影响。从生产经济性和技术可行性出发,海链藻4℃直接保存最佳,实验室藻种则是添加10%甘油-20℃保存为好。     

多效唑对水稻生长发育及其作用机制的研究

多效唑(MET)处理水稻植株后,使株高降低,分蘖增多,穗粒数下降,与此相应,植株体内的赤霉素(GA_3),生长素(IAA)、玉米素(Z)显著下降,脱落酸(ABA)显著增加。用生长调节剂 GA_3和氮肥可逆转多效唑的抑制作用而便株高增加,给受抑制植株施用GA_3和 IAA,可使植株内 GA_3和 IAA 含量相应上升。因此 MET 可通过调节植株体内 GA_3、IAA、Z、ABA 的含量调控植物生长     

Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid requirement of juvenile rock bream,Oplegnathus fasciatus

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) based on growth and non‐specific immune responses in juvenile rock bream. A basal diet without EPA supplementation was used as a control, and six other diets were prepared by supplementing with 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 40 g of EPA per kg diet. The actual EPA concentrations of the diets were 0.5, 4.3, 8.5, 13.0, 16.8, 21.0 and 41.2 g of EPA per kg diet, and the diets were abbreviated as EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5, EPA_13.0, EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 1.06 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the seven experimental diets at the apparent satiation for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed EPA_16.8, EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3 and EPA_8.5 diets. Fish fed EPA_21.0 and EPA_41.2 diets showed significantly higher lysozyme activity than did fish fed EPA_0.5, EPA_4.3, EPA_8.5 and EPA_13.0 diets. The broken‐line analysis of weight gain indicated that the optimum dietary EPA level was 16.7 g/kg diet. These results suggested that the optimum dietary EPA level in juvenile rock bream could be greater than 16.7 g/kg diet but less than or equal to 16.8 g/kg diet based on the broken‐line analysis and the ANOVA test of weight gain.     

Effects of Selenium Yeast on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Indexes in Laying Ducks of Rearing Period in Cages under High Ambient Temperature

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of selenium yeast(SeY, added as selenium content) on growth performance and some biochemical indexes in Jinding laying ducks under high temperature (29-35℃). 144 Jinding laying ducks of rearing period (10-16 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, control group, experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of SeY to the diets could significantly increase the average daily feed intakes (ADFI) of ducks at 14-16 weeks old (P<0.05); The body weights of ducks in group Ⅰ at 13-15 weeks old were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),and the body weight at 16 weeks old was higher than the other three groups significantly (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the body weight and standard body weight at 16 weeks old in group Ⅰ(P>0.05), but the body weights of other three groups were extremely significantly lower than the standard weight (P<0.01); There was no significant difference among the four groups for feed to gain ratios (F/G), while the group Ⅰ was the lowest; AST activities of group Ⅰ were significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P<0.05), LDH activities of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were lower than the control group significantly (P<0.05), and LDH activities of groupⅠ were lower than groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). TCH concentrations of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were higher than group Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of 0.15 mg/kg of Se (added as SeY) could obviously improve the growth performance of the laying ducks in reared cages, protect the function of liver, promote the TCH concentrations of duck serum.     

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum from Pig on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Faecal Microflora Number and Serum Immune Indices in Weaned Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, faecal microflora number and serum immune indices of weaned piglets.A total of 160 weaned piglets with an average age of (30±2) days and averge body weight of (7.85±0.68) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate feeding basal diet, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation diets, respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 d.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorusin of Lactobacillus fermentum groups were all increased in varying degrees.The optimum supplemental level of Lactobacillus fermentum should be 0.2%, and at this level, the average daily gain was significantly increased by 8.70% (P<0.05), the F/G was decreased by 4.62% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of faecal E.coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IgG was significantly increased by 8.39% (P<0.05).The results indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation could improve the immune function, growth performance, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus and reduce the number of faecal E.coli of weaned piglets.     

健宝（Jumbo）生长及营养成分动态研究

健宝是近年来引入我国适于农田种植的新型牧草。在内蒙古西辽河平原种植株高可达350cm-360cm,株高增长速率最大达5.50cm/d,单株干物质积累速率最大值为5.3g/d,最大LAI达14.72,LAI>5的持续日数长达90d之多。粗蛋白质含量与株高负相关达极显著水平（r=-0.9894）,粗蛋白质含量（%）与株高（cm）线性回归方程为：y=21.9853-0.0543x;粗纤维含量与株高正相关达极显著水平（r=0.9765）,粗纤维含量（%）与株高（cm）线性回归方程为：y=16.1915+0.0404x。生长季内干草产量持续增加 ,鲜草产量及粗蛋白质产量后期略有下降。     

水稻全生育期耐盐资源初步筛选

为了筛选全生育期耐盐的水稻资源,本文对500份不同来源的国内外地方品种和旱稻资源用0.3%的NaCl盐溶液进行了苗期筛选,共获得34份苗期存活率和绿叶率大于50%的材料。对上述34份材料和前人报道的121份耐盐材料用0.3%和0.5%的NaCl进行了全生育期耐盐性筛选。0.3%的NaCl共筛选到7个品种的11个全生育期耐盐存活单株,而0.5%的NaCl仅筛选到1个品种中的1个存活单株。这些材料为耐盐机理研究和耐盐育种研究提供了材料基础。     

干露对日本海神蛤稚贝生长和存活的影响

为研究不同时间和温度下干露对日本海神蛤Panopea japonica稚贝生长和存活的影响,以两种规格(S组壳长为1.70 mm±0.31 mm,L组壳长为5.04 mm±0.63 mm)的日本海神蛤稚贝为材料,在0、10、20℃条件下,分别干露4、8、12 h,测量并统计干露后恢复3、6、9 d时稚贝的存活率和生长情况。结果表明:在相同干露条件下,L组稚贝的抗干露能力显著高于S组(P0.05);在相同干露时间内,稚贝在不同温度下干露的存活率依次为10℃20℃0℃;0℃下S组稚贝干露后恢复6、9 d时的存活率急剧下降,分别为30.22%±6.48%、19.78%±7.70%,与其他各组有显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,经干露处理后,S组日本海神蛤稚贝瞬时生长率显著高于其对照组(P0.05),存在补偿生长现象。