微生物有机肥对烤烟育苗、产量和品质的影响

针对甘肃陇东烤烟生产中存在的品质较差以及病毒病严重等问题, 于2008年通过田间试验研究微生物有机肥对烤烟育苗、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明: (1)苗床期施用微生物有机肥有助于培育壮苗, 成苗速度快, 叶片数提前达到移栽标准, 最大叶干重和地上部干重分别比对照增加41.9%和90.1%; 总根长、比根长和根尖数分别比对照增加151.5%、25.8%和286.0%, 根系干重增加1倍; 苗床土中可培养微生物活菌数增加, 放线菌数比对照多194.7%。(2)大田移栽时再次穴施微生物有机肥极大地提高了烤烟的产量和经济效益, 改善了烟叶的品质。微生物有机肥处理的产量和产值分别比对照增加23.2%和46.5%, 中上等烟比例增加16%, 纯收入增加12 363 元·hm^-2; 烟叶的钾、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质和糖含量以及施木克值等主要品质指标接近优质烤烟的适宜值, 中下部叶的钾含量达到3%以上。     

小花忍冬硬枝扦插影响因素分析

小花忍冬是观赏性和抗逆性兼具的优良树种之一。为了解决其种子繁殖子代分化变异大的问题,结合小花忍冬特性,通过不同基质、激素及不同浓度的处理,对其进行了硬枝扦插试验。结果表明：基质种类、激素种类、激素浓度都直接影响其扦插成活率,激素种类直接影响地下根系的生长量。其中,使用珍珠岩︰沙子=1︰2、NAA、100 mg/L组合,...     

熏蒸条件下有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长及养分利用的影响

基于田间大棚试验,采用等量养分原则,分析生物有机肥、蚯蚓粪、鸡粪等不同有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长、产量、品质以及养分利用的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥部分替代化肥均不同程度提高了西瓜叶绿素含量、光合性能、产量及品质,其中以蚯蚓粪与化肥配施效果最佳,其光合性能显著高于单施化肥,产量提高了33.63%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量分别增加了14.07%,14.47%和17.52%。有机肥部分替代化肥施肥处理的肥料利用率高于单施化肥,土壤养分元素依存率低于单施化肥,以蚯蚓粪配施化肥作用效果最为显著,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为26.02%,5.67%和29.89%,土壤氮、磷、钾素依存率分别为20.96%,20.32%和31.55%。熏蒸处理的西瓜枯萎病发病率整体低于未熏蒸处理,其中熏蒸条件下蚯蚓粪部分替代化肥施肥处理西瓜发病率最低,仅为4.76%。     

青贮甘蔗尾、青贮玉米秸秆对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究青贮甘蔗尾(sugarcane tops silage,SS)和青贮玉米秸秆(corn straw silage,CS)对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响。试验1:选择21头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛,随机分为3个组,分别饲喂SS+精料、CS+精料、SS+CS+精料,进行为期30 d饲养试验。试验2:另选6头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂SS和CS,不喂精料,利用全收粪法进行为期4 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明:①SS和CS单独饲喂对生长水牛平均干物质采食量(ADMI)影响不显著(P>0.05),饲喂CS组生长水牛平均日增重(ADG)较SS组高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。二者组合饲喂时生长水牛ADMI、ADG比其单独饲喂时高。②CS的养分消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢率均高于SS,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),二者中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。③SS和CS对生长水牛血液生化指标影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对动物机体无不良影响。由此可见,单独饲喂时CS养分消化率较SS高,CS及SS对生长水牛血液生化指标均无不良影响,且二者组合饲喂能提高生长水牛生长性能。     

Effects of diatom concentration in prepared feeds on growth and energy budget of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Eight test diets were used in the experiment: seven fresh diatom (Cylindrotheca fusiformis) diets in which diatom occupied 100%, 83.3%, 50%, 33.3%, 20%, 14.3% and 11.1% in dry matter of the feeds (marked as D100, D83, D50, D33, D20, D14 and D11), and a formulated diet (70% Sargassum thunbergii powder, 20% sea mud and 10% fish meal, based on dry weight, marked as ST). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGRs) of the animals fed diets D33, D20, D14 and D11 were not significantly different from the SGR of those fed diet ST. However, the energy allocated to growth for the animals fed with diet D14 was twice that of diet ST. For sea cucumbers fed diet D14 the largest expenditure part was allocated to respiration (55.4%), but for those fed diet ST, the largest part was allocated to faeces (62.7%). The organic content of diet D14 was also much lower than that of diet ST. Frozen diatom diets containing 14% (dry matter weight) fresh diatom could be an environmentally friendly feed as an alternative option for macroalgae powder.     

The effect of short day treatments on containerized Douglas-fir morphology,physiology and phenology

The effect of short day treatments (blackout) on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) container seedlings at the time of lift and following cold storage was investigated. Variables measured included height, root collar diameter (RCD), root growth capacity (RGC), photosynthetic efficiency after –18 °C freezing (PEF), and days to terminal bud break (DBB). From one to four blackout dormancy induction treatments were started on three dates (July 12, July 26, and August 10) with 10 or 20 d between multiple blackouts. Increasing the number of blackout treatments resulted in lower RCD, lower DBB in the late winter/early spring, and higher PEF in the early fall. Later blackout start dates decreased PEF in the early fall, and increased overall height and late fall RGC as compared to earlier blackout start dates. Nurseries growing Douglas-fir seedlings from coastal Pacific Northwest provenances should be aware that blackout regimes can decrease RGC in the late fall, and cause quicker dormancy release in the early spring. Coastal Douglas-fir can be lifted and planted in the early fall, when RGC and DBB are relatively high. If planting between February and April is necessary, seedlings given blackout should be cold stored in January to maintain an adequate level of dormancy, RGC and PEF.     

维生素K_3对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中维生素K3添加水平对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响。试验分为2个阶段。1~4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.23 mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8、16 mg/kg的维生素K3。5~16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅324只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复9只鹅。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.18 mg/kg),B~F组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16、32 mg/kg的维生素K3。试验期16周。结果表明:1)经回归分析得出,1~4周龄阶段五龙鹅饲粮中添加4.81 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大;5~16周龄阶段饲粮中添加11.59 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大。2)与对照组相比,1~4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高鹅的全净膛率和腹脂率(P0.05或P0.01);5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与对照组相比,5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能极显著提高钙的表观利用率(P0.01),显著提高干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和磷的表观利用率(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,1~4周龄和5~16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K3适宜添加水平分别为4.81和11.59 mg/kg。     

Effect of dietary protein content on growth performance, feed utilization and carcass composition in the Australian freshwater crayfish, Cherax albidus Clark and Cherax destructor Clark (Decapoda, Parastacidae)

Cherax albidus (A) and Cherax destructor (D) male juveniles (mean weight 0.95 ± 0.03 g) were reared for 20 weeks on isoenergetic diets containing 150 g kg^?1 protein (A 15, D15) or 300 g kg^?1 protein (A30, D30). Mean weight, percentage weight gain, and specific growth rate (%) were substantially higher for both species on the 300 g kg^?1 protein diet. Mean percentage weight gain ranged from 2.39% day^?1 (D15) to 17.59% day^?1 (A30). A maximum weight of 33.81 g was attained by C. albidus on the higher protein diet. The most effective utilization of food was observed in C. albidus when fed the higher protein diet (food conversion ratio, 0.79; protein efficiency ratio, 4.21; apparent net protein utilization, 44.64%). Carcass composition was influenced by feed type. The higher protein diet resulted in an increase in carcass protein and ash and a decrease in carcass lipid and energy relative to the low-protein diet (150 g kg^?1 protein diet –C. albidus: 37.15% protein, 15.00% lipid, 25.20% ash, 15.55kJ g^?1 energy; C. destructor: 38.10% protein, 15.43% lipid, 25.70% ash, 15.65kJ g^?1 energy; 300 g kg^?1 protein diet –C. albidus: 46.10% protein, 8.71% lipid, 27.36% ash, 14.94kJ g^?1 energy; C. destructor: 42.99% protein, 8.56% lipid, 26.44% ash, 14.71kJ g^?1 energy). Carcass moisture and calcium were not affected by feed type. The time spent in the intermoult phase of growth was highly dependent on the premoult weight and varied according to diet and to species. A comparison of animals of similar weight (< 8 g) revealed that elevated dietary protein caused a reduction in the intermoult period by 11 days in C. albidus and 7 days in C. destructor. The moult increment, however, was independent of animal weight, and the highest percentage weight increment occurred for C. albidus fed the 300 g kg^?1 protein diet (per cent weight increase; A15, 33.1%; A30, 61.3%; D15, 31.2%; D30, 56.5%). Dietary induced morphological changes were also recorded. Animals of a standard carapace length had significantly larger abdomens (both species) and larger claws (C. albidus) when fed the higher protein diet.     

用膨化大豆代替豆粕对杂交鲟生长和免疫的影响

用膨化大豆分别替代0（G1组）、35％（G2组）、65．8％（G3组）、93．2％（G4组）豆粕,配制成4种等氮等能的饲料,饲喂体重为（75．3±3．8）g的杂交鲟Acipenser schrenckii ♀×Acipenser baeri ♂。6周的试验结果表明：用膨化大豆代替豆粕后,各处理组杂交鲟生长性能差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与G1组相比,G3组鱼血浆中SOD和溶菌酶活力分别提高13．6％和59．4％（P〈0．05）;G3组和C4组鱼血浆中总蛋白和球蛋白显著增加（P〈0．05）,其中总蛋白分别提高9．9％和11．5％,球蛋白分别提高12．0％和14．7％。