稻瘟病抗性基因对安徽省稻瘟病菌种群抗性的影响

为分析抗稻瘟病基因对安徽省稻瘟病菌株的抗性水平的影响,采用10个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因品系对安徽不同地区的稻瘟病菌株进行致病力测定,同时对201份水稻品种的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9进行扩增,结合田间抗性表现,分析抗性基因Pi9的利用价值。抗性基因Pi9、Pik、Pizt等对安徽地区的稻瘟病菌株具有较好的抗性,抗性频率分别为66%、60%和54%,其中携带Pi9抗性基因的水稻品种的田间抗性表现也较好,说明Pi9可直接作为分子标记辅助安徽地区水稻品种选育抗原基因。     

稻瘟病菌在培养基上有性世代的形成（英文）

选用国际水稻研究所遗传室从水稻上分离的4个稻瘟病菌株,在室温下的燕麦培养基上培养5天,又在20℃连续光照下培养16天,在相对的两个交配型菌株的菌丝联结处产生黑色成熟的子囊壳。稻瘟病菌在培养基上有性世代的形成,为进一步理解梨孢菌属和水稻之间的遗传学以及选育稳定持久的抗病品种提出了新的见识。     

Screening of wild Oryza species against bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae py. oryza) pathotypes of Punjab (India)

One-hundred and sixty-seven accessions belonging to 13 wild Oryza species were screened against the bacterial leaf blight (BB) pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryza) in Punjab, India. Nine species were identified as carrying resistant genes against the four most prevalent pathotypes under conditions in Punjab. These included O. barthii (eight accessions), O. longistaminata (five accessions), O. meridionalis (three accessions), O. nivara (five accessions), O. rufipogen (two accessions), and one accession each from O. punctata, O. minuta, O. malampuzhaensis and O. latifolia. This is the first report showing the availability of BB resistance in two species namely, O. meridionalis and O. punctata. The resistant accessions, especially those with a similar genome (AA) could potentially be used for the transfer of BB resistance to well-adapted high-yielding rice cultivars.     

耒阳多毛等几个水稻品种对白叶枯病的抗性遗传

有关稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传研究,自1967年日本的西村首次报道了第一个抗白叶枯病基因以来,迄今在水稻上总共发现并命名了12个位点上的15个抗白叶枯病基因。其中,4个显性基因 Xa-1、Xa-2、Xa-3;Xa-kg 包括两个复等位基因 Xa-1~h、Xa-kg~h 是由日本用日本的菌系鉴定和命名的~((37)),另5个显性抗病基因 Xa-4、Xa-6、Xa-7、Xa-10、     

Synthesis and fungicidal activity against Pyricularia oryzae of 6-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) chromone and -1-thiochromone derivatives

A series of novel 6-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) chromone and -1-thiochromone (benzo[b]thiazin-4-one) derivatives was obtained by cyclisation via thiosemicarbazides which were prepared by reaction of hydrazines and the corresponding isothiocyanates. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Of this series, 2,5,8-trimethyl-6-(1-propyl-5-thioxo-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) chromone, 6-(1-butyl-5-thioxo-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2,5,8-trimethylchromone, 6-(1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2,5,8-trimethylchromone and 6-(1-allyl-5-thioxo-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2,5,8-trimethylchromone were highly active (pEC₅₀>6·0). Structure–activity relationship studies using the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that the log k′ optimum for 2,5,8-trimethyl-chromone and -1-thiochromone derivatives was around 1·0, equivalent to a log P_ow value of c. 4·4. © 1998 SCI     

QTL analysis for brown spot resistance in American rice cultivar ‘Dawn’

Rice brown spot (BS), caused by Bipolaris oryzae, causes yield loss and deterioration of grain quality. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of BS resistance in backcross inbred lines (BILs) from a cross between an American rice cultivar, ‘Dawn’ (resistant), and ‘Koshihikari’ (susceptible). Four QTLs for BS resistance were detected in a three-year field evaluation, and ‘Dawn’ contributed the resistance alleles at all QTLs. The QTL with the greatest effect, qBSR6-kd, explained 15.1% to 20.3% of the total phenotypic variation. Although disease score and days to heading (DTH) were negatively correlated in all three years, qBSR6-kd was located near a QTL for DTH at which the ‘Dawn’ allele promoted heading. Another BS resistance QTL (qBSR3.1-kd) was unlinked to the QTLs for DTH. Therefore, these two QTLs are likely to be useful for breeding BS-resistant varieties without delaying heading. The other two BS resistance QTLs (qBSR3.2-kd and qBSR7-kd) were located near DTH QTLs at which the ‘Dawn’ alleles delayed heading. The QTLs reported here will be good candidates for developing BS-resistant cultivars.     

水稻稻瘟病拮抗稀有放线菌的筛选及防治效果

为获得对水稻稻瘟病菌具有良好抑菌效果的稀有放线菌,从红豆杉根际土壤样品中分离获得11株放线菌,筛选出对水稻稻瘟病菌抑菌效果最好的菌株ST7-2,抑菌率为79.88％,经形态特征、生理生化特征观察和16S rRNA、recA、gyrB、rpoB序列分析,确定菌株ST7-2为杀结节链霉菌Streptomyces tuber...     

白叶枯病菌和细菌性条斑病菌多样性的TALE效应 蛋白调控水稻抗（感）病性机理与利用策略

培育和种植抗病品种是防治水稻白叶枯病和条斑病的有效措施。最近几年有关TALE效应蛋白调控水稻抗（感）病性研究取得了突破性进展,这将改变水稻抗性品种培育策略。为此,本文对稻黄单胞菌-水稻互作系统中已知TALE效应蛋白与水稻中的已知或未知抗（感）病基因（R或S）的对应关系进行了归纳,并就tale基因进化及对应水稻R或S基因发掘进行了分析。另外,文中还对以TALE为基础发展而来的TALEN技术遗传修饰水稻感病基因的前景进行了展望。利用TALEN技术可将高产优质但感病的水稻品种（材料）转变为高产优质兼广谱抗病的水稻品种（材料）。     

稻瘟病菌与禾谷镰刀菌对茭白的致病性及侵染过程

稻瘟病菌与禾谷镰刀菌均是危害禾本科作物的重要病菌,同时也是研究植物病原真菌的两种模式生物。为进一步探索这两种病菌的致病能力和侵染过程,对稻瘟病菌与禾谷镰刀菌在茭白上的致病能力进行了测定,并比较了二者在茭白不同部位的发病过程及特点。结果显示,稻瘟病菌可侵染茭白叶片与叶鞘,但无法侵染茭白的肉质茎（茭白笋）;而禾谷镰刀菌不能侵染未创伤的茭白叶片和叶鞘,但可对茭白笋造成危害。对侵染部位的显微观察发现,稻瘟病菌在茭白叶片上能形成典型的附着胞与侵染菌丝。另外,茭白能有效地区分两种病菌的致病突变体。结果表明,稻瘟病菌与禾谷镰刀菌能够侵染茭白,造成危害;同时茭白也可以作为寄主研究这两种病菌的致病过程。     

水稻白叶枯病菌致病性分子遗传学基础

 水稻-白叶枯病原菌互作符合基因对基因关系，是研究禾本科植物-病原菌互作的理想模式系统。目前已鉴定和克隆出许多白叶枯病菌致病相关基因。其它革兰氏阴性植物病原细菌致病性分子遗传学和基因组学研究，为揭示水稻白叶枯病菌致病性分子机理提供了丰富的背景知识，其中以发掘TTSS效应分子的研究备受关注。本文将对白叶枯病菌致病性分子机理进行综述，以期为研究水稻-白叶枯病菌互作的功能基因组学提供科学线索。