植物油对谷象诱虫性的估价

在装有1公斤小麦的圆盘内,用培养皿测试某些植物油对谷象Sitophilus granarius L.的诱虫性或驱虫性。与矿物油比较,冷榨未提炼的燕麦油,能量油(混合油)麦芽油,芥籽油,有强的诱虫性(P<0.05),而提炼后的燕麦油有强的驱虫性;新鲜的麦芽油和能量油的诱性优于各自陈化的油。向日葵油分别与麦芽油,南瓜籽油,红花油等量混合,其诱性降低,而与提炼的燕麦油、芝麻油、或棉籽油与芝麻油,提炼燕麦油等混合,其驱虫性将增加。     

普通小麦对仓储害虫玉米象的抗性QTL分析

以普通小麦品种川农16与人工合成小麦衍生品种川麦42为亲本构建了含有127个株系的重组自交系(RIL)群体,将2008和2009年收获的种子用玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)虫卵进行接种,并于2009年11月开始储藏,次年8月和10月进行虫害调查。利用复合区间作图法(CIM)对RIL群体的抗虫性进行QTL定位分析。利用2008年收获群体检测到位于3B、2D和3D染色体的3个QTL,贡献率依次为10.2%、8.5%和8.3%;利用2009年收获群体检测到位于3D和4B的2个QTL,贡献率分别为8.5%和11.3%。位于3D染色体Xbarc6–Xgwm112标记区间内的QTL在年度间重复检测到,贡献率为8.3%~8.5%,抗性位点来自川农16。     

Preparation of different types of miso with mixture of starters and their effects on endogenous antioxidant of liver and kidney of mice

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of feeding the male mice with miso that was prepared with a mixture of microbial starters on the level of lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, antioxidant power of hepatocytes, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. The starters that were used in the preparation of miso were Aspergillus oryzae and Pleurotus ostreaus or A. oryzae and Bacillus subtilis. The miso that was prepared with A. oryzae and Bacillus subtilis has more effect on suppressing the oxidative stress and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant of hepatocytes and renal tissue of mice.     

产胞内脂肪酶米根霉TZ-F2菌体形态控制的研究

[目的]研究产胞内脂肪酶米根霉TZ-F2菌体形态的控制。[方法]分别考察了碳源、氮源、初始pH以及培养转速对胞内脂肪酶、菌体干重以及菌体形态的影响。[结果]得到了最优的培养条件:地沟油40 g/L,胰蛋白胨20 g/L,初始pH 4.5,转速150 r/min。在此条件下,菌体形态基本能保持在球状,单位胞内脂肪酶活达109.45 U/g,干重达31.67 g/L。[结论]该研究为利用米根霉全细胞催化合成生物柴油提供了理论基础。     

米曲霉ZW-06中性蛋白酶的粗分离及酶学性质研究

从米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)ZW-06发酵干曲中对中性蛋白酶进行粗分离,并对其酶学性质进行研究。结果表明:用硫酸铵沉降法所得粗酶粉的酶活力高达264443U/g;该酶的最适反应温度为45℃,最适作用pH为6.5和9.0;该酶在常温及pH6～10的环境下比较稳定;Mg2+、Mn2+和Ca2+对蛋白酶有强烈的激活作用,Fe2+和Cu2+则对其表现出强烈的抑制作用。动力学研究表明,该中性蛋白酶在pH 6.5和45℃条件下,Km为3.82mg/mL,Vmax为541U/mg·min。     

感染白叶枯病后水稻叶片光合同化物对病害的补偿作用

水稻抗白叶枯病品种ＩＲ２６和感病品种金刚３０在拔节期接种白叶枯病菌后，接种叶片净光合速率均下降，而与病叶相邻的健叶的净光合速率则明显增加，在穗期，ＩＲ２６接种叶片的＾１４Ｃ同化物累积率和运输到穗的百分率均高于金刚３０；ＩＲ２６与病叶相邻的健叶，＾１４Ｃ同化物输向接种病叶和穗的百分率高于金刚３０。这表明抗病品种ＩＲ２６接种病叶和健康叶片光合同化物对病菌侵染和产量损失的补偿作用较强，相反，金刚３０则不     

枯草杆菌B034拮抗物质及其内源质粒的研究

 枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) B034是从水稻叶面分离的植物病原细菌拮抗菌,对水稻白叶枯病菌,水稻细条病菌有较强的抑制作用。(NH₄)₂SO₄饱和沉淀粗提液经Sephadex G-100柱层析所得的3个洗脱吸收峰中有两峰具较强的抑菌活性。此拮抗物抗热,对胰蛋白酶敏感,对蛋白酶K、E部分敏感。B034菌株内含有一稳定的大小约8kb的内源质粒。质粒消除后,其拮抗活性也随之消失。用穿梭质粒pMK4的XL1-Blue中对其EcoR Ⅰ酶切4片段分别进行了克隆,并转化到无拮抗活性的Bacillus DB104中,片段Ⅱ+Ⅲ显示了部分的拮抗活性。     

Effect of exposure period on degree of dominance of phosphine resistance in adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Degree of dominance of phosphine resistance was investigated in adults of Rhyzopertha dominica F and Sitophilus oryzae L. Efficacy of the grain fumigant phosphine depends on both concentration and exposure period, which raises the possibility that dominance levels vary with exposure period. New and published data were used to test this possibility in adults of R dominica and S oryzae fumigated for periods of up to 144 h. The concentrations required for control of homozygous resistant and susceptible strains and their F1 hybrids decreased with increasing exposure period. For both species the response lines for the homozygous resistant and susceptible strains and their F1 hybrids were parallel. Therefore, neither dominance level nor resistance factor was affected by exposure period. Resistance was incompletely recessive and the level of dominance, calculated at 50% mortality level, was -0.59 for R dominica and -0.65 for S oryzae. The resistant R dominica strain was 30.9 times more resistant than the susceptible strain, compared with 8.9 times for the resistant S oryzae strain. The results suggest that developing discriminating doses for detecting heterozygote adults of either species will be difficult.     

Reduced consumption of pea protein-treated flour disks by stored-product insects

Consumption of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein-treated wheat flour by the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum (Herbst.), the rice weevilSitophilus oryzae (L.) and the lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.), was significantly reduced compared with wheat flour alone. Consumption was affected when the insects were exposed for 3 days to flour disks containing protein-rich fraction of the ‘Bonneville’ pea variety. Antifeedants present in the pea protein fraction are apparently responsible for the reduced feeding response in these species. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 6, 2004.