木材削片机研究进展

该文综述了木材削片机的发展现状及存在的问题,并对国内外削片机削片质量、切削功率和振动噪声等方面的研究进行了评析;针对我国削片工业的现状,提出了木材削片机今后发展的具体建议．     

水肥因子对小麦籽粒及面包烘烤品质的影响

 就水肥因子对小麦籽粒品质及面包烘烤品质的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明：籽粒蛋白质含量，干、湿面筋含量，沉降值等籽粒品质性状及多数面包烘烤品质性状均受水肥措施的显著影响。增加灌水会降低小麦籽粒品质，对烘烤品质有一定的稀释效应，但这种稀释效应可通过增加施肥得以缓冲。在面包烘烤品质性状中，面包体积和比容是两个重要的品质指标，一定的水肥措施可使之得以改善。     

提高河蟹期仔蟹成活率的关键技术

河蟹仔蟹培育成活率低的重要原因是盐度不适,全淡水环境不利于蟹幼体对渗透压的调节。本试验用08%盐度人工海水培育幼体,其期仔蟹成活率比对照组提高34倍。人工海水配方中的Mg2 浓度宜选400mgL左右。     

农业科技以人为本之分析

从当前农业形势出发,分析农业科技以人为本的基本思想和基本内容,阐明了人的需求满足、素质的提高以及农民生活的改善与农业科技的关系,揭示人是农业科技进步中的决定性因素。     

乌兰布和绿洲区农田土壤质量评价及演化

基于乌兰布和绿洲区开垦13～38 a 6类农田,测试0～20 cm土层24个土壤指标,利用因子分析法和模糊数学原理进行土壤质量综合评价和演化趋势研究。表明：因子分析法筛出17个评价指标(速效氮、有效性钾、速效钾、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、有机质、CEC、<0.01mm微团聚体、pH、物理性粘粒、蛋白酶、全钾、速效磷、真菌、纤维素酶和放线菌)对土壤质量指数(SQI)贡献可解释85.2%的信息量,评价结果具有高度代表性和可检验性,并建立SQI与17个指标间的演算模型。各农田SQI在0.20～0.62间,差异显著;各农田SQI高出对照1.5～2.2倍,SQI普遍得以提高;83%的样点SQI<0.5,SQI整体较低(均值0.41)。绿洲农田形成近40 a来,SQI随耕种年限呈前增后降的缓变极显著演化趋势,临界年是第30年,但经营38 a后SQI整体仍略高于耕种13 a农田。建议均衡施肥,以有机肥或有机肥+NP为主,少量补K,条件许可时种植固氮牧草休耕养地。     

Study on Nitrogen Distribution in Leaf, Stem and Sheath at Different Layers in Winter Wheat Canopy and Their Influence on Grain Quality

Vertical distribution of nitrogen in wheat canopy, nitrogen remobilization and their influence on grain quality of winter wheat were studied. Two winter wheat cultivars, Jingdong8, a common cultivar, and Zhongyou9507, a high quality cultivar, were selected. Leaf nitrogen showed an obvious decreasing trend from the canopy top to the ground surface for all treatments in growth duration. There was no apparent vertical nitrogen gradient in stem and sheath of Zhongyou9507 compared with Jingdong8. Zhongyou9507 had more nitrogen remobilization from leaf, stem and sheath than Jingdong8 from middle grain filling to waxening, especially the nitrogen remobilization amount in stem and sheath, which was higher than that in Jingdong8 during growth duration. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in Jingdong8 at anthesis had disadvantages on its grain quality. But higher vertical nitrogen gradients between middle and lower layers of Jingdong8 at grain filling stage enhanced its grain quality. Higher vertical nitrogen gradients in upper layer at anthesis and upper layer leaf and middle layer stem and sheath at grain filling stage had advantages on protein accumulation in grain of Zhongyou9507. There were positive correlations between foliar nitrogen remobilization amount and grain quality at later growth stage for the two cultivars. There was a positive correlation between quality of Jingdong8 and stem and sheath nitrogen remobilization amount from anthesis to early grain filling, and that of Zhongyou9507 emerged from anthesis to early grain filling and from middle grain filling to waxening. Contribution of leaf nitrogen to the quality of Jingdong8 was larger than nitrogen from stem and sheath. High protein content of Zhongyou9507 was attributed to the nitrogen condition in its leaf, stem and sheath. Nitrogen in stem and sheath played a more important role on the grain quality of Zhongyou9507 than on that of Jingdong8.     

洱海水质的演变过程及趋势

根据洱海近30年的水质监测资料和1996年洱海主要入湖河流水质监测资料,研究洱海水质时空演变的主要因素。结果表明：1971～1999年洱海水质呈不断恶化趋势,且恶化程度逐渐加强;水质月变化为8月份水质指数最高,5月份水质指数最低。造成这种变化的主要原因是降雨量的增加,形成的地表径流量增大,导致由河流带入湖区的非点源污染物增加;洱海西南部的入湖河流非点源污染严重,污染源主要来自工业废水和生活废水等。通过建立灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,对洱海2000～2010年水质演变趋势进行了预测,以期为今后的水污染防治提供依据。     

籼型杂交稻碾磨、外观品质性状的杂种优势分析

以具有广泛代表性的4个不育系和8个恢复系为材料,采用NC 交配设计研究了9个碾磨品质和外观品质性状的杂种优势及其相关性.结果表明,垩白粒率、垩白度、糙米率、精米率和整精米率表现正向中亲优势,糙米长、糙米宽、糙米长宽比表现负向中亲优势,糙米厚无中亲优势.垩白粒率和垩白度的中亲优势最大.垩白粒率、垩白度、糙米率和精米率表现正向超亲优势,整精米率、糙米长、糙米宽、糙米厚和糙米长宽比表现负向超亲优势.垩白度的超亲优势最大.相关分析表明,在糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率和垩白度性状方面,F1杂种与其亲本值间无相关性,而除了垩白粒率外,与中亲优势和超亲优势间的相关均表现显著或极显著的正向水平.降低糙米长的超亲优势可明显增加整精米率的超亲优势,提高糙米长、糙米宽和糙米长宽比的超亲优势可明显增加垩白粒率和垩白度的超亲优势.     

结实期水分胁迫对两系杂交稻产量及品质的影响

以6个两系杂交水稻为材料,研究结实期水分胁迫处理(-50kPa)对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明;大多数品种的结实率、千粒重和产量处理都显著低于对照(浅水层)。剑叶的叶绿素含量和光合速率灌浆初期处理与对照无明显差异．但灌浆中后期明显比对照下降快．且籼型两系杂交稻比粳型两系杂交稻下降更快;根系活力在灌浆初期处理高于对照,灌浆中后期下降趋势与叶绿素和光合速率一致。干物质积累量处理低于对照．而茎鞘物质输出率和转换率都高于对照．成熟期茎、鞘中可用性糖的含量明显低于对照,说明水分胁迫处理加快了植株衰老,减少了抽穗后干物质积累,但促进了茎鞘储藏非结构性碳水化合物的输出。水分胁迫处理对稻米品质的影响表现为对出糙率、长宽比、糊化温度、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量无显著影响．精米率和整精米率表现因品种而异,垩白米率、垩白度和胶稠度均高于对照。     

施氮方式对中筋小麦陕农229产量及品质的影响

以优质中筋小麦陕农229为材料,于江苏淮北麦区研究氮肥不同施用量和基追比对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明:适当增加施氮量或增加拔节期追氮比例可显著提高小麦籽粒产量,并改善籽粒品质。中筋小麦陕农229采用施氮量262.5kg·hm-2、基追比6∶4、5∶5和4∶63种施氮方式,产量可达7200kg·hm-2以上,各项品质指标符合优质中筋小麦要求,能较好地实现优质与高产的协调统一。施氮量262.5kg·hm-2、基追比5∶5的施氮方式,产量高、品质较好且安全生产性好,是中筋小麦实现优质高产的最佳氮肥运筹方式。