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881.
不同土壤中硅酸盐细菌生理生化特征及其解钾活性的研究 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
在以钾长石粉为唯一 K 源的硅酸盐细菌选择性培养基上,从我国部分省市土壤中筛选到 16 株硅酸盐细菌,以本实验室保藏 NBT 菌株为参照,对其生理生化特性、耐盐性、抗生素抗性、温度敏感性及释K 能力等生物学特性进行了测定。结果表明,17 株硅酸盐细菌菌体均为杆状,产生椭圆至圆形芽胞。其中 SB6、SB13 为短杆状,SB4、SB6、SB10、SB15 菌株是 G ,其余菌株是 G-。NH4 、NO3 为良好 N 源,且能在无 N -培养基上生长。菌株 SB13 和 NBT 解 K 能力较强,释放的 K 比接灭活菌对照分别增加 49.1 %和 45.3 %。菌株SB2、SB4、SB5、SB6 在 20 g/L NaCl 浓度的培养基上能生长,在温度为 10 ~ 40 范围内供试硅酸盐细菌能够良好生长。 相似文献
882.
土连续两年小麦—玉米轮作条件下 ,播前一次施氮量 130~ 5 2 0kghm-2 a-1时 ,氮肥用量对硝态氮在土体中的移动深度没有影响 ,但土壤剖面中残留的硝态氮量随施氮量增加显著增加。播前一次施用氮肥 ,差减法计算的肥料氮表观回收率 (作物携出量和土壤硝态氮的残留量 )为 6 2 %~ 82 7% ;就作物而言小麦的携出率高于玉米 ,在玉米生长季节有更多的硝态氮可能被淋移至土壤剖面的下层。小麦—玉米轮作一年 ,不同的施氮时间对肥料氮的表观回收率以及硝态氮在土壤剖面中的分布、累计没有明显影响。土区合适的氮肥用量是控制硝态氮向深层移动的主要措施 相似文献
883.
水稻对氮素的吸收、分配及其在组织中的挥发损失 总被引:20,自引:5,他引:20
应用15N示踪技术研究了水稻不同生育期吸收的15N在各器官中的分配,以及后期植物组织中的挥发损失。结果发现,水稻在分蘖期吸收的氮量少于在幼穗分化期吸收的氮量;在分蘖期吸收的15N,标记结束时氮素主要分配于水稻的叶片中,至成熟期15N有39%转运至水稻子粒中;水稻在幼穗分化期吸收的15N,标记结束时氮素主要分配在水稻茎和叶鞘中,至成熟期15N有46%转运至水稻的子粒中;水稻在分蘖期和幼穗分化期吸收的氮素在后期可以通过植株组织挥发损失,至成熟期损失的比例分别达16.7%和13.4%。 相似文献
884.
885.
在北京郊区中壤质潮土上设置田间试验。结果表明:花椰菜获最大产量的氮供应量为300kghm-2。生育期花椰菜主要吸收表层(0~30cm)土壤中的无机氮,对下层(30~60cm)土壤无机氮(Nmin)的利用随氮供应量的增加而减少。不同生育期0~60cm土层中无机氮(Nmin)含量均随氮供应量增加而增加,但施肥后土壤中最高无机氮(Nmin)含量出现的时间随氮供应量增加而延迟。花椰菜生育期土壤有机氮矿化速率随生长期延长而增加,平均达N1.3kghm-2d-1,相当于各处理总吸氮量的47.5%~89.2%。试验后0~30cm及30~60cm土层无机氮(Nmin)含量随氮供应量增加而明显增加,但60~90cm土层无机氮(Nmin)受氮供应的影响不明显。花椰菜当季氮肥利用率及氮素利用率随施氮量增加而降低,最佳产量时的氮肥利用率及氮素利用率分别为36.5%和50.8%。土壤-花椰菜体系氮素表观损失量随氮施用水平的增加而明显增加,但其占总氮供应(肥料氮+播前土壤氮)的比例受氮供应的影响不明显,大致为20%。 相似文献
886.
887.
888.
M.?AshrafEmail author T.?Mahmood F.?Azam R.?M.?Qureshi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(2):147-152
The beneficial role of green manures in rice production is generally ascribed to their potential of supplying plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N). However, the mechanisms through which green manures enhance the crop productivity are poorly understood. Pot experiments were conducted using a 15N-tracer technique: (1) to compare the biomass production potential of sesbania (Sesbania aculeata Pers.) and maize (Zea mays L.) as green manuring crops for lowland rice and (2) to compare the effect of the two types of green manure and inorganic N on the dry matter accumulation and N uptake by two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, viz. IR-6 and Bas-370. Although maize produced three times higher shoot biomass compared with sesbania, the latter showed higher N concentration; and thus the total N yield was similar in the two types of plants. Applying the shoot material of the two plants to flooded rice significantly enhanced the dry matter yield and N uptake by the two rice cultivars, the positive effects generally being more pronounced with sesbania than with maize amendment. The difference in the growth-promoting potential of the two plant residues was related more to an increased uptake of the native soil N rather than to their direct role as a source of plant-available N. A positive added nitrogen interaction (ANI) was observed due to both plant residues, the effect was much more pronounced with the application of sesbania than with maize residues. In both rice cultivars, inorganic N also caused a substantial ANI, particularly at higher application rate. Losses from the applied N were 2–3 times lower from sesbania, compared with maize treatment. Green manuring with sesbania also caused much lower N losses than the inorganic N applied at equivalent or higher rates. The overall benefit of green manuring to rice plants was higher than inorganic N applied at comparable rates. The two rice cultivars differed in their response to green manuring, IR-6 generally being more responsive than Bas-370. 相似文献
889.
钙盐诱导下土壤锰和铁的释放及其对胡椒的生物有效性 总被引:9,自引:7,他引:9
Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO3)2 decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P< 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil > albic soil > yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone. 相似文献
890.
Effects of NH4+ concentration, solution/soil ratio and temperature on NH4+ adsorption were studied in a Eum-Orthic Anthrosol. The slopes of the soil NH4+ adsorption isotherms and the fitted n, the coefficient for the adsorption intensity, and k, the coefficient related to adsorption capacity, of the Freundlich equation increased with increasing solution/soil ratio (SSR) and with decreasing temperature (T). For the range of experimental conditions, the value of ∂q/∂c, the rate of change of the amount of NH4+ adsorbed in the soil solid phase (q) with respect to the equilibrium concentration of NH4+ in soil solution (c), was 0.840, indicating that q increased with increasing c. From 2 to 45 ℃, ∂q/∂SSR, the rate of change of q with respect to SSR, decreased from 2.598 to 1.996, showing that q increased with increasing SSR, while its increasing rate decreased with temperature. From SSR 1:1 to 20:1, ∂q/∂T, the rate of change of q with respect to T, decreased from -0.095 to -0.361, indicating that q decreased with increasing temperature, and at the same time the negative effect of temperature became larger as SSR increased. Thus under the experimental conditions the order of importance in determining the amount of NH4+ adsorbed in the soil solid phase was ∂q/∂SSR > ∂q/∂c > |∂q/∂T|, indicating that the greatest effect on the amount of NH4+ adsorbed was with the solution/soil ratio; the equilibrium concentration of NH4+ had a lesser effect; and temperature had the least effect. 相似文献