超临界CO_2流体处理工艺对木材渗透性的影响

以苯—乙醇为夹带剂,研究超临界CO2流体不同处理压力、温度、时间对福建产杉木、马尾松、檫木木材渗透性的影响。结果表明,在35 MPa内,处理压力的增大有利于3种木材渗透性的提高;杉木在处理温度为40℃时,渗透性的变化率达到最大,为493%,马尾松和檫木在处理温度为45℃时,渗透性的变化率达到最大,分别为479%和349%;较佳的处理时间为30 min。     

立地管理措施对7年生2代杉木林生长的影响

对福建省南平峡阳国有林场29年生1代杉木人工林采伐迹地,采取5种不同立地管理措施营造的第2代杉木人工林7年生时的生长量进行调查分析,结果表明,BL3(收获树干和树皮,加倍采伐剩余物)处理对7年生2代杉木林的生长最为有利,其次为BL2(收获树干和树皮,不炼山)处理、BL1(全树收获)处理和BL0(收获地上所有有机质)处理,而SB(收获树干和树皮,炼山)处理杉木生长最差。炼山处理的7年生杉木蓄积量仅为不炼山处理的85.73%,但不同试验处理之间杉木生长量的差异均未达到显著水平(P<0.05)。     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Residue management for reducing evaporation in relation to soil type and evaporativity1

Abstract. Usual residue-management options are to remove the residue, use it as mulch with or without undercutting or to incorporate it into the soil. While the role of surface mulch in evaporation has been widely studied, the information on the effect on evaporation of mulch with undercutting or residue incorporated into soil, particularly in relation to soil type and evaporativity (E_o) is lacking. We studied the effect of wheat straw used in various ways on the course of evaporation loss from soil columns with three soils at Ludhiana, India and one soil at Bushland, Texas, USA, under two E_o's Energy-limited evaporation rates under mulch (E_om) followed the soil-specific relation E_om/E_o= a e^(bRes+cEo), where Res is residue rate t/ha and a, b and c are constants; E_o, is expressed in mm/d. In an effort to model the total evaporation (CE) during the energy-limited stage ‘U’ was obtained from appropriate CE versus time curves and (CE-U) was regressed over (t - ti)^0.5 to obtain the slope ‘α’ (Ritchie 1972) for the soil-limited evaporation stage. The observed ‘U’ was independent of mulch rate and E_o but was strongly affected by soil type, Values of ‘α’ decreased with increase in mulch rate and decrease in E_o and coarseness of soil. The otherwise short lived benefit of evaporation reduction with mulch per se, which peaked after a few days was maintained when residue was mixed with soil at the stage when evaporation reduction reached a maximum; this benefit continued for several weeks. Cumulative evaporation values computed from ‘U’ and ‘α’ agreed closely with the observed values under straw mulch for loamy sand and clay loam soils and for ‘undercut’ and ‘residue mixed’ treatments on all soils regardless of E_o, and for all situations under small E_o. However, for sandy loam and silt loam soils under E_o of 10 mm/d, the modified square root of the time function of Jalota et al. (1988) gave a better fit.     

Response of Mustard to Ethrel Spray and Basal and Foliar Application of Nitrogen

In a field trial conducted during 1992–93 and 1993–94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha⁻¹) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha⁻¹ and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil vield at harvest of mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cv. T-59. Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha (BN₉₀) was used as control. On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha ⁻¹ and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 12.5 and 14.8%, respectively over control BN_90.     

汕头市松材线虫病的防治

基于汕头市濠江区已发现松材线虫病疫情的实际情况,针对该病的防治特点,结合汕头市各辖区山林的实际情况,从判断、预防、治理三个方面提出相应的防治对策,为科学防控该病在我市的扩散危害提供参考。     

黑杨无性系日CO2固定总量的测定及与苗木生产潜势的相关性研究

通过对不同基因型黑杨无性系植株净光合速率日变化曲线与光合主体叶面积在时间和光强上进行累计积分来计算植株日CO2固定总量P。由于净光合速率日变化曲线不易准确测得，故以光响应曲线和光强的日变化来推测净光合速率日变化。对P值和生物量的相关性研究表明，二者的相关性很高。且认为可以用计算出的P值作为评估苗木生产潜势的指标之一，这为育种中生产力的早期选择提供了有力的证据。     

苎麻自交一代分离和变异的研究

1983～1985年以“黄壳早”、“芦竹青”、“古巴苎麻”和“武冈红皮种”为材料进行自交,并观测了自交一代的分离和变异情况,研究结果表明:a.根据自交一代的形态分类,可将“芦竹青”繁殖后代分为40个类型,“芦竹青”自交一代的麻骨颜色分离为四种,其分离比例为9.3:4.2:3:0.7,基本符合孟德尔遗传规律;b.个体间产量性状差异很大,株高变冥为0.23～1.68m,茎粗变异为0.48～1.14 cm,有效株变异为1～23株;c.40个类型的纤维细度的变异呈正态分布,变异为1168～1905公支,最细的类型和最粗的类型相差747支上述结果表明:苎麻自交后代的形态性状、产量性状和纤维细度均产生显著的分离和差异。     

THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTRY OF HEILONGJI ANG PROVINCE IN 1990''''S

INTRODUCTIONIntheworldoftoday,theglobalclimatechangeanditsinfluenceonecologyhavebe-comeaveryimportantproblem,towhichmanyscientists,governnentleadersandordinarypcoplepaycloseattentionI1-'].Inl979,theWorldClimateResearchProgram(WCP)waslaiddowninthefirstworldclimatemeeting.lnl99(),thesecondworldclimatemeetingwasconvcl1edinGencva,andalltl1eexpertsagreedthattheglobalwarmlngwillbeextremelyseriousdisasterthananynatUralcalamityever.Attl1eMectingof"WorldEnvironmentandDevelopment,"holdinBrazil…