Genetic gains for grain yield in high latitude spring wheat grown in Western Siberia in 1900–2008

Short season high latitude (50°N–56°N) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on approximately 7 million ha in Western Siberia with average yield of 1.5–2.0 t/ha. A historical set of 47 varieties developed and grown in the region between 1900 and 2000 was evaluated at a trial in Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk) in 2002–2008. The genetic gains for grain yield and associated changes in agronomic traits were analyzed for three maturity groups (early, medium and late) and four breeding periods (before 1930, 1950–1975, 1976–1985 and after 1985). The overall yield was 3.71 t/ha for modern varieties versus 2.18 t/ha for old varieties representing 0.7% increase per year in the course of 100 years. The genetic gains between the breeding periods indicated that the rate of progress for the early and medium maturity groups was more or less comparable from one breeding period to the other. For the late maturity group there was an obvious and sharp decline in genetic gain with time. Modern varieties were also characterized by average response to environmental mean and good grain yield stability evaluated according to Eberhart and Russell (1966). Thousand kernel weight and number of grains per unit area were linearly correlated with grain yield and genetic gain over time suggested their importance for breeding progress. Resistance to leaf rust in some modern varieties sustained and contributed to stability of genetic gains. The yield increase over time was not associated with plant height reduction and incorporation of Rht genes. The maturity range of the newer varieties is narrower compared to old germplasm as they tend to belong to medium maturity group. Translocation 1B.1R had limited contribution to Western Siberian germplasm being observed in only three varieties. The increase in adaptation, yield potential and its stability has been reached due to gradual accumulation of favorable genes through diverse crosses, robust selection and testing system. Resistance to leaf rust and other prevalent pathogens is of paramount importance for future progress.     

短枝西洋参培植技术的研究

对青果期两年生西洋参＾１４Ｃ同化产物分配及根活力的测定表明,两年生西洋参于移栽前切除部分主根,后续生长中,参株发育正常,侧根及须根系发育良好,主根缩短;果期叶面喷施ＡＢＴ增产灵,能促进同产产物向根部转移,提高根系活力,尤其是提高侧根根系活力。可以认为,在培植短枝西洋参过程中,移栽前切除部分主根是一简便而有效的主要措施,而适时施用ＡＢＴ增产灵是必要的配套技术。     

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

婆罗门和短角牛血液理化指标比较

为了解不同肉牛品种的血液理化指标的差异,用自动分析仪和试剂盒分别对同一地区、相同饲养管理条件下的婆罗门和短角牛10头成年母牛的35项血液理化指标进行了检测和比较,结果表明：白细胞数、红细胞数、血小板、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、AST:ALT、谷氨酰转肽酶、尿素氮等10项指标在两品种间有显著差异;血红蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、葡萄糖、尿酸等5项指标在两品种间有明显差异,其余20项指标在两品种间无明显差异,婆罗门牛的血液理化指标的变异系数低于短角牛。从血液理化指标的检测结果和它们的变化范围和变异系数看,在相同饲养管理条件下,婆罗门牛的耐粗饲能力、抗逆性和适应性、均要优于短角牛。     

长江短颌鲚耳石Sr/Ca值变化特征及其江海洄游履历

为确证长江刀鲚生殖洄游季节的短颌刀鲚是否为江海洄游个体,采用X射线电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)研究了2013年4月27日采自长江靖江段的1尾短颌鲚(XGC-A)和1尾长颌鲚(XGC-B)矢耳石的锶(Sr)和钙(Ca)的微化学特征,同时将实验结果与确认是江海洄游型长江刀鲚矢耳石的Sr和Ca的微化学特征进行了比对分析。定量线分析结果显示,短颌鲚和长颌鲚个体的Sr/Ca值均波动显著,不仅具有对应淡水生活的低值(1.59±0.80、1.55±0.74),而且出现了对应于海水生活的高值(4.38±1.33、3.56±0.94),显示出其溯河洄游的履历;耳石元素面分布分析结果同时验证了短颌鲚和长颌鲚均参与江海洄游的事实。研究表明,目前长江中存在参与江海洄游的短颌鲚个体。     

短低温早花观赏桃新品种——探春的选育

探春是用迎春为母本,白山碧桃为父本、进行人工杂交培育成的观赏桃新品种。该品种为重瓣花,蔷薇型,花粉红色,花径4.6cm,花瓣4～6轮,花瓣数20～25枚,雌蕊常退化。花有淡香味。节间较长,节长2.3cm。果实小,果肉薄,有苦味,不宜食用。郑州地区3月初开花,需冷量短,400h。开花早,能弥补早春桃花的空缺,通过保护地促早栽培,能顺利在春节前开放,满足中国传统节日对桃花的需求。     

短距离无线通信中小型双频微带天线的研究

设计了一种小型的双频微带天线,使用曲流技术、双谐振模式分别实现了天线的小型化和双频带工作。对天线的仿真及测试结果表明,天线工作在2.4 GHz频段和5.8 GHz频段,且在两个频段上具有较一致的良好的辐射特性,二者的相对带宽分别是1.38%和3.94%。     

基于JMS消息服务的农药灌溉信息咨询平台研究

随着农药使用量的增加,农药残留超标严重影响了食品和环境的安全。如何有效地控制农药的喷洒量已成为目前研究的热点。提出了以JMS（Java Message Server）为基础的灌溉信息咨询平台的设计思路,阐述了消息服务平台的应用架构、功能架构和消息服务实现手段。     

不同退化草地短穗兔耳草克隆生长的研究

[目的]研究不同退化草地上短穗兔耳草的克隆生长特性。[方法]以未退化（A）、轻度退化（B）、中度退化（C）、重度退化（D）草地上挖取的短穗兔耳草基茎（包括地下部分）及与其相连的匍匐茎和无性系分株（包括地下部分）为材料,研究不同退化草地上短穗兔耳草匍匐茎的数量、长度和单位长度匍匐茎干重的差异。[结果]不同退化草地上短穗兔耳草匍匐茎的数量、平均长度和单位长度匍匐茎干重均存在极显著差异。C草地上短穗兔耳草平均匍匐茎数量最多,为5.33条;A草地上短穗兔耳草匍匐茎最长,平均为20.87 cm,D草地上短穗兔耳草匍匐茎最短,平均为12.1 cm;C草地上短穗兔耳草单位长度匍匐茎干重最大。[结论]短穗兔耳草的匍匐茎长度随草地退化程度的加剧而变短。