Short internode,double podding and early flowering effects on maturity and other agronomic characters in chickpea

Chickpea is an indeterminate species, which continues to flower and set new pods over a long period under wet and cool growing conditions, resulting in excessive canopy development and delayed maturity. We hypothesized that the chickpea's long season requirement could be reduced through introgression of short internode, double podding and early flowering. Four populations E100Ym/CDC Anna, 272-2/CDC Anna, 298T-9/CDC Anna, and 298T-9/CDC Frontier were developed to test this hypothesis with the first parents of each cross being the donor of the short internode, double podding and early flowering traits, respectively. Also, the donor parents E100Ym, 272-2 and 298T-9 were intercrossed. Segregating populations of F₂ to F_3:6 generations were then evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. When expressed well, double podding significantly reduced time to maturity as compared to the single podding counterparts. The best double podding lines were about 1 week earlier maturing than the early parent and standard checks. Days to flowering (DF) was positively associated with days to maturity (DM) (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), and partial path analysis revealed that DF contributed to DM mainly via days to first pod maturity (DFPM). In the two early flowering populations 298T-9/CDC Anna and 298T-9/CDC Frontier, DF determined about 32% of the variation in DFPM. Conversely, the short internode trait had an undesirable effect, in that all the short internode segregants were too late to mature. In conclusion, the alleles for double podding and early flowering may be used to improve early maturity in chickpea and subsequently minimize the risks associated with the production of this crop in environments where the growing conditions allow excessive crop canopy development, as in the Canadian prairies.     

茎矮高产抗病加工用马铃薯品种“川芋6号”的创新培育

马铃薯川芋6号鲜薯产量高,较脱毒川芋56[1]及脱毒米拉增产显著;具有株矮,生育期适中;抗病毒PVX、PVY,抗晚疫病;大中薯率高,休眠期较长,耐贮;鲜薯块茎干物质含量较高,维生素C含量高,还原糖含量低,食味优等优良特性。并适应性广,是鲜薯加工和食用兼用型品种,2004年通过四川省品种审定,并被列为四川省主要推广品种。     

短切碳纤维木质复合材料导电性能数值分析

采用施胶木材纤维作为主体材料,加入短切碳纤维制成具有导电性能的短切碳纤维木质复合材料(SCFRW),通过表面电阻率测量实验,得到SCFRW表面电阻率离散数据.数据分析结果显示,碳纤维的加入赋予了复合材料良好的导电特性,且表面电阻率与温度呈现出负效应关系.为了更直观描述SCFRW样板表面电阻率在17～80℃连续的变化规律...     

长江安庆江段存在溯河洄游型和淡水定居型刀鲚实证研究

为了探究长江十年禁渔后安庆江段刀鲚的生境履历,利用X射线电子探针微区分析技术研究安庆江段不同类型长颌刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和短颌刀鲚的耳石Sr和Ca微化学特征。结果显示,根据耳石Sr/Ca值的变化值将安庆江段的短颌刀鲚分为2类,一类是其比值为一直小于3.0的低值,表明其纯淡水的生境履历;另一类是其比值不仅有小于3.0的低值区,还有大于3.0的高值区(小于7.0),表明其不仅有淡水的生境履历,还有高盐度的河口半咸水生境履历。长颌刀鲚的耳石Sr/Ca值均具有小于3.0的低值区和大于3.0 (甚至大于7.0)高值区的显著波动,表现为典型的淡水、河口半咸水及海水的溯河洄游型生境履历,Sr含量面分析图谱也可印证上述结果。本研究表明,长江安庆江段刀鲚群体组成较为复杂,同时存在溯河洄游型、淡水定居型短颌刀鲚和溯河洄游型长颌刀鲚3种生态表型个体。     

基于状态评价法的城市土地综合承载力评价-以南昌市为例

以南昌市为例,运用状态评价法,建立了城市土地综合承栽力评估体系.评估结果表明,状态评价法能识别资源环境的限制性因素和短板因素,从根源上引导土地综合承栽力的提升,促进资源环境的可持续利用.     

The effects of nitrogen fertilization and soil properties on mycorrhizal formation of Salix viminalis

The effects of nitrogen fertilization (100, 200 kg N ha⁻¹ per year) and soil properties on mycorrhizal formation on Salix viminalis were investigated at three short rotation plantations on Gleysols and Cambisols (Abbachhof (ABB) and Wildeshausen (WIL) in Germany, Ultuna (ULT) in Sweden). During 3 years the ectomycorrhizal colonization, the composition of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and the VAM spore density in the soil were analyzed. The ectomycorrhizal colonization was significantly altered due to N-fertilization at all sites. The quality and magnitude of the fertilization effects on mycorrhizal formation on Salix viminalis varied due to the soil properties, i.e. soil texture, soil N content and pH. The WIL site was characterized by sandy soil (low pH, high soil N content), whereas the ABB site was characterized by clayey soil (high pH, low N content). The ULT site was characterized by clayey soil (high pH, high N content). In the unfertilized control plots (C), ectomycorrhizal colonization was higher at WIL than at ABB. Fertilization reduced the ectomycorrhizal colonization at WIL but increased it at ABB. The distribution of the ectomycorrhizal morphotypes was very heterogeneous within the treatments, therefore significant differences were rare. Sporocarps were collected at ABB during one growing period. The sporocarps were mostly from saprophytic species, with exception of the ectomycorrhizal species Inocybe glabripes. Significant effects of N-fertilization on VAM spore density were observed at two of the three plantations. The pattern in VAM spore density was similar to the pattern seen for ectomycorrhizal colonization. Thus, VAM spore density was increased by fertilization at ABB (low soil N) and decreased at ULT (high soil N). The soil properties have been shown to modify the effects of fertilization on ectomycorrhizal colonization and VAM spore density. Therefore, in management practice of short rotation plantations, the benefit of N-fertilization should be evaluated keeping secondary effects caused by changed mycorrhizal formations in mind.     

不同短季棉品种衰老过程生化机理的研究

本文对中棉所16等5个短季棉品种大田栽培条件下的第10叶片和盆栽子叶附体或离体状态下某些生化变化作了研究。结果表明，中棉所16及姊妹系中427的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质降解慢、幅度小。超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性强。中棉所10的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质降解快、幅度大。SOD、POD、CAT活性小     

智能温室大棚不同季节扦插茶树短穗效果分析

[目的]研究智能温室大棚中不同季节扦插对黔湄502(Camellia sinensis cv.Qianmei 502)短穗生长的影响。[方法]通过智能温室大棚不同季节[春季(4月下旬)、夏季(7月下旬)、秋季(10月下旬)]扦插黔湄502短穗试验,调查分析其生长状况和作为母本园时可提供的插穗数。[结果]智能温室大棚扦插快繁黔湄502茶苗无论是1年生还是1足龄茶苗均可达到国家茶苗出圃标准。智能温室大棚不同季节扦插快繁黔湄502茶苗生长量为春季>夏季>秋季,且差异极显著。若以苗繁苗继代繁殖,以枝条利用率65%计算,春季扦插第2年可提供扦插短穗646.5万～1 092.0万穗/hm2,夏季扦插可提供690.0万～936.0万穗/hm2,秋季扦插可提供573.0万～702.0万穗/hm2。[结论]智能温室大棚能快速繁育茶苗,可大大缩短茶树良种选育周期。智能温室大棚不同时间扦插后茶树短穗综合表现均较好。     

Effects of fiber length and orientation on elasticity of fiber-reinforced plywood

Short carbon fibers, a reinforced material in wood veneer composites, were used to investigate the effects of fiber length and orientation of fibers on the elasticity of plywood. The technical feasibility, elasticity, and strength of the reinforced plywood with short carbon fiber were evaluated. In a short fiber reinforcement system, the fiber length does not directly influence the reinforcement in Cox's theory when the fiber length exceeded a certain length. When the length of short carbon fiber is beyond 3 mm, the high reinforced result was obtained in the experiment. However, if fiber length was too long, the reinforced result was less owing to the bridge between fibers and the increase of holes. The optimum fiber length must be considered. The orientation of fibers has a strong influence on the reinforcement. Unidirectional, perpendicular, and random orientation displayed different influence on the elasticity. Experimental results were discussed with Cox's method. Reinforced plywood with short carbon fibers in random orientation has a higher shear modulus and bending strength than the controls, in addition to other mechanical properties.     

大豆短叶柄弱枕性状光温反应及遗传的初步研究

大豆短叶柄突变体ＮＪ９０Ｌ－ １ＳＰ 短叶弱枕性状的表达受光温反应影响较大,当月平均温度达到２４ ．５ ℃,光照长度为１４ ～１５ｈ／ｄ 时,ＮＪ９０Ｌ－ １ＳＰ 植株叶柄表现为短叶柄（ ≤１０ ．０ｃｍ） 弱枕性状（ 叶枕凹状） 。该突变体的短叶柄与弱枕性状之间为完全连锁或一因多效,其受一对隐性或两对隐性重叠基因控制