川南山地黄牛放牧及放牧补饲的增重试验

本试验在三峡库区丰都县选用川南山地黄牛 1 2头 ,随机分成 3组 ( 2个试验组 ,1个对照组 ) ,进行放牧和放牧加补饲的增重试验。经过 60 d的试验 ,2个试验组的平均日增重 ( ADG)分别为 5 4 4.5 8g和 60 2 .92 g,比对照组的 1 37.92 g分别提高 2 94.85 %和 337.1 5 % ;增重毛利润分别为 5 2 .45元 /头和 80 .31元 /头 ,比对照组的 41 .40元分别增加 1 1 .0 5元 /头和 38.91元 /头。试验结果表明 ,与放牧相比 ,放牧加补饲能显著提高日增重 ,增加经济效益     

Evaluation of cinnamamide as an avian repellent: Determination of a dose—response curve

The dose-response curve was quantified for the avian repellency of cinnamamide, a derivative of the plant secondary compound cinnamic acid, using a three-day, ‘short-term no-choice’ test. This test was designed to resemble more closely the availability of alternative food in the birds' natural environment than in previous no-choice studies. Cinnamamide reduced food consumption by feral pigeons (Columba livia Gmelin) at concentrations as low as 6.17 μmole g^?1 food (0.09% w/w) and this reduction increased with concentration. An R₅₀ index, the concentration at which food consumption was reduced by 50% was interpolated from the dose-response curve as 18.4 (±0.38) μmole g^?1 food 10.26% w/w). This index can now be matched with those of related compounds in future structure-activity studies. The birds' response to cinnamamide changed over the three-day trial with respect to concentration. Repellency declined at concentrations < R₅₀ and increased at concentrations > R₅₀. This suggests that pigeons become habituated to cinnamamide at low concentrations but at high concentrations they may develop a conditioned aversion. This study provides quantitative confirmation of previous laboratory and field demonstrations of cinnamamide's effectiveness as a non-lethal chemical repellent suitable for reducing avian pest damage.     

香榧茎段离体培养再生植株的研究

对香榧茎段不定芽诱导研究的结果表明,不定芽诱导的最佳培养条件为:培养基为B5+KT0.1mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+0.08%活性炭+2%葡萄糖,培养温度为20℃,光强不高于400lx,该条件下的不定芽诱导率可达55%。将不定芽培养在1/2B5+IBA0.1mg/L+0.08%活性炭+2%葡萄糖的生根培养基上,生根率最高达到40%。通过器官发生途径国内外首次建立了香榧离体再生体系和快繁体系,并获得了完整的再生植株,为今后开展香榧的遗传转化和品种改良奠定了基础。     

不同饲喂方式对南方奶牛产奶性能、养分消化和代谢的影响

研究了具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的相同精粗比日粮的不同饲喂方式对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物的影响。选用体重相近的12头荷斯坦奶牛,采用单因子设计,根据产奶量、胎次及泌乳天数随机分为2组（n=6）,分别为精粗分饲组（SI）和全混合日粮组（TMR）,精饲料：粗饲料均为50：50。试验结果表明：奶牛采食量无差异,在相同精粗比日粮下,TMR饲养技术极显著减少了奶牛的采食时间（P〈0.01）,显著增加了反刍时间（P〈0.05）,TMR组奶牛的乳脂率、4%标准奶产量、乳脂产量、乳糖产量和乳固形物产量分别比SI组显著提高11.20%、11.60%、17.50%、13.21%和9.86%（P〈0.05）,但对奶牛咀嚼行为、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物影响不显著（P〉0.05）。在南方奶牛典型日粮采用TMR饲养技术时,与精粗分饲相比,可提高奶牛的产奶性能,但对奶牛的采食量、咀嚼行为、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物没有显著影响。     

洛阳市奶业发展的现状及对策

经过充分调查，认为洛阳的奶业发展现状是奶牛数量少、品质差、产量低，加工能力过剩，奶源明显不足，满足不了加工企业的需要，针对存在的问题，提出了相应的对策。     

苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中的营养物质含量动态变化研究

为探讨苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中营养物质含量的动态变化规律,对含水量为15%、打捆密度为150kg/m3的苜蓿草捆在不同贮藏时间(1、10、30、90、180、360d)营养物质含量和相对饲喂价值(RFV)的动态变化情况进行研究。结果表明,在整个贮藏过程中,苜蓿干草的粗蛋白(CP)含量总体呈下降趋势,与贮藏1d时相比,不同贮藏时间段苜蓿干草的CP含量均显著下降(P<0.05);从CP含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到2级。苜蓿干草的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏360d时的NDF含量显著高于贮藏时间在90d之内的NDF含量(P<0.05);从NDF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量也随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏10d之后ADF含量开始显著增加(P<0.05);从ADF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。贮藏时间在30d以上的苜蓿干草DMI值显著低于贮藏时间在30d之内的DMI值(P<0.05);从DMI值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到3级。贮藏时间在90d以上的苜蓿干草DDM值显著低于贮藏时间在90d之内的DDM值(P<0.05);从DDM值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。随着贮藏时间的延长,苜蓿干草的RFV值显著降低(P<0.05),且在贮藏180~360d的时间段内,RFV值下降幅度较大;从RFV值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。综合比较,苜蓿干草在贮藏180d之后营养价值大幅度下降,因此,在贮藏180d之内出售或者饲喂家畜比较适合。     

Nutritional management of recurrent colic and colonic impactions

Although diagnosis and treatment of horses with colic have improved in the last 30 years, horses with recurrent colic can be a diagnostic and management challenge for both owners and veterinarians, and colic remains a high priority health concern of owners (Mellor et al. 2001 ). Nutritional management of these cases is often based on previous experience combined with recommendations from the evidence‐based literature. This review will briefly summarise the aetiologies of recurrent colic and primarily focus on evidence‐based nutritional management of colonic impactions, sand enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, and idiopathic recurrent colic, which is limited. Additional topics to be covered elsewhere in this series that are relevant to this topic include nutritional management of gastric ulceration, liver disease, colitis, geriatric horses, and feeding the horse pre‐ and post surgery.     

日粮能量水平对牦牛生产性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响

为了探讨冷季能量补饲对牦牛生产性能、肉品质和瘤胃菌群的影响。本研究选取30头((269.75±35.46) kg)2岁大通公牦牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,分别饲喂低、中、高3个综合净能水平(5.51 MJ·kg^-1,6.22 MJ·kg^-1,6.94 MJ·kg^-1)日粮,经15 d预饲期和90 d正试期后屠宰,测定牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、瘤胃发酵参数瘤胃微生物区系。结果表明：高能量组牦牛试验末重、干物质采食量、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积显著高于中、低能量组(P<0.05),瘤胃异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量显著高于中、低能量组(P<0.05);高能量组牦牛肉色L^*值显著低于中、低能量组(P<0.05);高能量组牦牛瘤胃细菌Chao1和ACE指数显著低于中、低能量组,普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)相对丰度显著高于中、低能量组,理研菌科RC9菌属相对丰度显著低于中、低能量组(P<0.05)。综上,冷季饲喂高能量(6.94 MJ·kg^-1     

Influence of feeding regime on timing of parturition in beef cattle and the relationship of vaginal temperature to parturition

The timing of parturition was recorded for a total of 56 beef cattle (Japanese Black × Holstein Friesian) on different dietary treatments. The rate of calving during daylight hours in cows night‐fed (18.00 hours) with a roughage diet was significantly higher than that in cows night‐fed with a high concentrate diet (79.2% vs 38.5%, P < 0.05). Subsequently, the vaginal temperature (VT) of these cows was analyzed using a cosinor method. When the feeding schedule was changed from twice daily (08.30 and 15.30 hours) to night feeding, the periodicity, the acrophase and the bathyphase, which were the parameters of the cosine curve, were unstable from the first day of night feeding until after day 6 (P < 0.05). Prior to parturition, the midline‐estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and the amplitude for the cows that were fed a high‐roughage diet at night and that calved at night‐time were lower and larger, respectively, than that for the other treatments (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the time of parturition in most of the beef cows was influenced by feeding time and diet composition. Those cows that calved at night‐time in spite of night feeding had lower vaginal temperatures.