基于污染物持久性的化学品评分排序模式（SCRAM）修正——以石油开采场地土壤污染物评分排序为例

针对化学品评分排序模式（SCRAM）中持久性指标在某石油开采场地土壤污染物评分排序过程中存在的问题,选择研究场地60种典型污染物,使用聚类分析按半衰期值大小将其分为4类,然后依照各污染物在土壤中的分布比例再进行聚类分析得到10个等级,得到污染物在[0.5,5]内以0.5为间隔的新评分方法。通过上述方法对SCRAM模式中环境持久性指标进行修正,并将修正后的评分方法应用于某石油开采场地典型土壤污染物的评分排序中。经修正的评分方法体现了污染物在土壤中的持久性对其综合得分和排序的影响,改变了原模式下不针对介质将22种污染物的持久性特征一概而论的状况,同时,由于对这些污染物在土壤中持久性的重新定义,修正后的评分方法也纠正了污染物在毒性指标中亚分类（急/慢性毒性）选取的不合理性,使得评分排序结果更加全面可靠。     

中国北方草地覆被的HJ星NDVI校正研究

NDVI时间序列数据已经得到了广泛应用。中国的环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(HJ星)装载的4部CCD传感器能够满足在中国及其周边地区植被动态监测时间与空间分辨率两方面的需求,基于其建立的NDVI时间序列产品对于研究该区域的植被变化状况具有重要意义。然而波段的差异对不同传感器获取的NDVI具有非常显著的影响。本研究立足于对HJ星4部CCD传感器以及LandSat卫星TM、ETM+传感器的波段分析,利用同时相遥感影像对获取并推算6部传感器NDVI在中国北方中温带干旱半干旱草地的NDVI交叉校正系数,并通过野外实测光谱数据计算等效NDVI对研究结果进行验证。结果表明,HJ星4部CCD传感器间获取的NDVI差异能够达到5%,本研究中得到的传感器间NDVI交叉校正系数能够将该差异有效减小到2%以内。同时证明了传感器中心波长对NDVI的影响大于波段宽度对NDVI的影响。     

浓缩天然胶乳(氨保存离心或膏化)检测方法标准应用解析①

运用时间序列方法对海南省儋州市l980～2003年的天然橡胶干胶产量情况进行分析,以此建立并验证儋州市天然橡胶干胶产量预测模型,并运用该模型对2004～2010年的橡胶干胶产量进行预测。结果表明：建立的模型能基本反映儋州橡胶产量的基本规律;但是随着预测时间的推移,以及其他因素的影响,预测结果的准确性随之下降,因此必须将新数据进行重新分析,建立新模型,以确保得到最佳的预测效果。通过该预测法为橡胶生产提供科学的管理依据,为橡胶产业决策提供基本的参考依据。     

Bamboo dieback and tree regeneration responses in a subtropical forest of South America

Bamboos’ vegetative growth are frequently associated to negative effects on tree recruitment and survival and despite this process, the effects of bamboo dieback after flowering events are poorly understood due the rarity of these events. 2 years after the massive flowering of the woody bamboo Merostachys multiramea in a southern South America subtropical forest, we compared changes in environmental conditions; tree species regeneration and production of new culms in canopy gaps resulted from bamboo dieback and areas of continuous canopy allowed by sparse bamboo cover. We observed sharp differences in environment conditions mainly resulted from differences in canopy openness and a NPMANOVA revealed differences among the stands regeneration directions (species composition and density). Average density, number of culms per sapling and total height of M. multiramea did not differ between stands, although slight differences were detected with increasing values toward opened sites.     

Soil water in relation to irrigation, water uptake and potato yield in a humid climate

Efficiently controlling soil water content with irrigation is essential for water conservation and often improves potato yield. Volumetric soil water content (θ_v) in relation to irrigation, plant uptake, and yield in potato hills and replicated plots was studied to evaluate four water management options. Measurements of θ_v using a hammer driven probe were used to derive a θ_v index representing the relative θ_v status of replicated plots positioned along a hill slope. Time series for θ_v were determined using time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes at 5 and 15 cm depths at the center, shoulder, and furrow locations in potato hills. Sap flow was determined using flow collars in replicated field plots for four treatments: un-irrigated, sprinkler, surface drip, and sub-surface drip irrigation (40 cm depth). Irrigated yields were high/low as the θ_v index was low/high suggesting θ_v excess was a production problem in the wetter portions of the study area. The diurnal pattern of sap flow was reflected in the θ_v fluctuation it induces at hill locations with appreciable uptake. Hill locations with higher plant uptake were drier as was the case for the 5 cm (dry) depth relative to the 15 cm (wet) depth and for locations in the hill (dry) relative to the furrow (wet). The surface drip system had the lowest water use requirement because it delivers water directly to the hill locations where uptake is greatest. The sub-surface drip system wetted the hill gradually (1-2 days). Measurement of the θ_v index prior to experimental establishment could improve future experimental design for treatment comparisons.     

13ka以来呼伦湖湖面波动与泥炭发育、风沙-古土壤序列的比较及其古气候意义

呼伦湖是我国东北地区面积最大、纬度最高的湖泊 ,1 3 ka以来湖面波动、泥炭发育与风沙 -古土壤堆积是呼伦湖地区环境演化的显著特征 ,对比 1 3 ka以来呼伦湖地区湖面波动、泥炭发育与风沙 -古土壤堆积的时间序列及其与古气候的关系 ,结果显示古气候变化对湖面波动、泥炭发育、风沙 -古土壤堆积有重要影响。全新世早期 (1 0 0 0 0— 72 0 0 a B.P.)呼伦湖地区气候由冷干向暖干变化 ,伴随风沙活动加强、泥炭发育缓慢和低湖面环境演化特征。 72 0 0—5 0 0 0 a B.P.气候暖湿 ,呼伦湖地区泥炭、古土壤发育进入盛期 ,同时出现高湖面。 3 0 0 0 a B.P.以来气候冷干 ,伴随风沙堆积加强。     

澜沧江流域干旱变化的时空特征

干旱是澜沧江流域的突出自然灾害,研究气候变化背景下的流域干旱变化特征具有重要科学意义与应用价值。该文基于澜沧江流域及其周边35个气象站点1960－2005年的日降水数据,利用多时间尺度下的标准化降水指数（SPI）分析了流域干旱变化的时空特征。研究发现,主成份分析与K-means聚类的多元统计方法可分别将流域在空间上分为4个具有不同干旱演化特征的区域,2种分区方案具有很高的空间一致性。对划分的4个区域典型站点的小波分析表明,流域干旱变化的周期一般在3～6 a。研究结论可为相关部门的决策提供参考。     

基于多维建模的滑坡监测数据挖掘

安全监测是研究和防治滑坡的重要手段之一,而位移监测又是滑坡监测中一种最常用的监测手段.滑坡位移监测数据的分析一般基于平面文件进行,而本研究则基于数据仓库的概念,深入分析滑坡位移监测时间序列数据,使用建模工具Power Designer建立了滑坡位移监测多维模型,在多维数据集的基础上进行数据挖掘分析.以长江三峡库区白水河滑坡位移监测数据为例,设计了滑坡监测数据多维数据集的维、概念层次和度量等,并在SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services软件中使用Microsoft时序算法实现数据挖掘,对滑坡位移进行预测分析,得到的预测数据与实测数据误差很小,表明Microsoft时序算法可用于滑坡监测数据的短期预测.     

The effect of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the number of pleopadal egg and stage 1 juvenile in freshwater crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz

The effect of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the number of pleopadal egg and stage 1 juvenile in freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus was investigated. Crayfish were fed with n‐3 series fatty acids supplemented diets and a control diet for 251 days. Control diet did not comprise additional n‐3 series fatty acids. However, D2, D3 and D4 groups were supplemented with n‐3 series fatty acids at 1%, 2% and 3% level respectively. Results showed the beneficial effects of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the production of pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile number. At the end of the experiment, pleopodal egg (from 177 to 234) and stage 1 juvenile number (from 167 to 225) increased significantly with increased dietary n‐3 series fatty acid level. In addition, an increase in dietary n‐3 series fatty acids led to an increase in number of pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile produced per gram of female crayfish weight. It can be concluded that the reproductive efficiency of A. leptodactylus (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile number) can be improved in controlled hatchery conditions by adding n‐3 series fatty acid into the diet of this species.     

甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征

以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优11、甬优12、甬优13、甬优15、甬优17为试材, 通过栽培措施的调控, 形成超高产(产量≥12.0 t hm^-2)和高产(10.5 t hm^-2 ≤产量＜12.0 t hm^-2)群体。比较研究其特征表明, 与高产群体比,超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高, 而结实率和千粒重略降低;平均每穗粒数极显著提高, 并且一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高;拔节期的干物重略低, 但抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均显著或极显著提高;其有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期的生长平稳, 无效分蘖发生少, 高峰苗低, 拔节期以后茎蘖数下降平缓, 成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等均较高;基部第1、第2、第3节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度及基部第1、第2、第3节间的弯曲力矩、抗折力均显著或极显著提高, 且倒伏指数减小。