吉林省松花江干流区水资源可利用量分析

根据吉林省松花江干流区1997年水资源开发利用情况和对该区域水资源可开发利用量的分析比较,无论是地表水还是地下水,其开发潜力还很大,在相当一段时期内,在现实水资源利用水平下,可以满足国民经济发展的用水开发需要。     

北京地区温室地源热泵供暖能耗及经济性分析

为研究地热在温室中应用的可行性,该文在北京地区一栋日光温室中采用地下水式地源热泵系统进行了供暖试验研究。试验结果表明,整个供暖期（2007年10月15日－2008年3月10日）地源热泵系统的供暖性能系数约为3.83,与燃煤热水采暖系统相比,地源热泵系统供暖可节约42%的能源消耗量,具有显著的节能减排效果。温室内单位面积的每日供暖耗电量约为0.15 kW·h/(m2·d),供暖费用约为0.12元/(m2·d)。地源热泵供暖、天然气供暖、燃煤热水供暖以及燃油热风供暖几种温室采暖方式的相对运行费用分别约为1.20、1.31、1.00与3.36,地源热泵供暖的运行费用略高于燃煤热水供暖,但低于天然气供暖和燃油热风供暖。     

Soil water dynamics and dry‐matter production of old man saltbush‐, native grass‐ and lucerne‐based pastures in a variable summer‐dominant rainfall environment,Australia

In a summer‐dominant high‐rainfall, yet seasonally dry environment, soil water dynamics and dry‐matter (DM) production were monitored during 2006–12, for three perennial pasture types: old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia ssp. nummularia with native grass), native grass (Bothriochloa macra and Rytidosperma bipartita dominant) and lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Venus). Plant root depth of the old man saltbush pasture (1·5 m) was greater than that of native grass (1·2 m), but equal to that of lucerne (1·5 m), resulting in equivalent levels of maximum extractable water (MEW; mm, 0–1·7 m) for saltbush and lucerne in five of the six seasons. Lucerne (MEW 242 mm) extracted more soil water than native grass (144 mm), but was similar to old man saltbush (205 mm). In the second year of growth, both the lucerne and old man saltbush pastures achieved their maximum yields of 16·8 and 7·9 t DM ha^?1 respectively, but thereafter declined. The decline in yield of lucerne in later years was associated with a significantly lower plant frequency and increase in proportion of weeds. The decline in yield of old man saltbush appeared to be associated with an increasingly dry soil profile, despite receiving rainfall that was above average. The yield of the native grass pasture increased during the study as the proportion of weeds declined, and the presence of saltbush plants did not compromise the yield of perennial grasses in the inter‐row spaces. The implications of these findings for livestock production systems in this environment are discussed.     

再生稻割穗机的设计与性能试验

以拆除插植装置后的高地隙乘坐式插秧机底盘为动力底盘,在其上增设割台、输送槽、集穗箱以及第二动力等装置,设计一种专用于再生稻穗头收获的高地隙割穗机。对该高地隙割穗机的割幅、生产率、行走功率等主要工作参数进行理论计算,对其螺旋推运器、割台、输送装置等主要工作部件的结构及运动参数进行分析,并试制割幅为1.6m、理论喂入量为1.8kg/s的样机。以"两优28"、"黄华占"水稻品种为试验对象,在试验田对该割穗机进行收获及稻茬碾压性能田间试验。结果表明:该机田间碾压率≤25.15%,割茬高度在250~650mm间无级调节,纯工作效率约为0.24hm2/h,满足再生稻穗头收获作业要求。     

基于渔业声学和灯光罩网的南海中南部鸢乌贼资源评估

根据2017年南海中西部上升流区渔场、南沙东北部岛礁区渔场春季和秋季灯光罩网生产数据,对南海中南部两大渔场的灯光罩网渔获物组成、主要渔获种类生物学特性及渔获率分布等进行了分析。2个季节共鉴定出69种渔获物,其中上升流区渔场春季36种、秋季38种,岛礁区渔场春季35种、秋季43种。上升流区渔场春季优势种(IRI>1 000)为鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)、细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)和鲯鳅(Coryphaena hippurus),秋季为鸢乌贼、长体圆鲹(D.macrosoma)、圆舵鲣(Auxis tapeinosoma)、日本乌鲂(Brama japonica)和扁舵鲣(A.thazard);岛礁区渔场春季优势种为鸢乌贼和细鳞圆鲹,秋季为鸢乌贼和扁舵鲣。上升流区渔场春季平均渔获率为179.64 kg·h^–1,秋季为553.41 kg·h^–1;岛礁区渔场春季为94.55 kg·h^–1,秋季为382.46 kg·h^–1。春秋两季主要渔获种类胴长(叉长或体长)和体质量分布存在较大差异,且多数种类幼鱼所占比例较高,为确保南海渔业资源可持续开发利用应重视幼鱼保护。     

舟山渔场及邻近海域虾蛄类的种类组成和数量分布

依据2006年8月(夏)、2007年1月(冬)、5月(春)和11月(秋)在舟山渔场及邻近海域(29°30′~32°00′N,127°E以西)开展海洋生态系统综合调查中所获得的虾蛄类调查资料,用渔获率作为虾蛄类资源分布的数量指标,对舟山渔场及邻近海域的虾蛄类种类组成和数量分布作了分析。结果表明:舟山渔场及邻近海域共有虾蛄类种类11种,隶属3科、7属,其中优势种有口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria、脊条褶虾蛄Lophosquilla costata和无刺口虾蛄Oratosquilla inornata,它们在春、夏、秋、冬季的渔获量之和分别占该季节总渔获量的97.54%、98.75%、99.85%、99.35%。不同季节的渔获率变化明显,其变化规律是夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。生物量平面分布结果表明,春、秋季虾蛄类渔获率以长江口渔场和江外渔场相对较高,夏、冬季以舟山渔场为最高。总体来说,虾蛄类数量分布分散,没有十分明显的密集分布。     

鮻鱼稚鱼在沿岸碎波带的出现和滞留时间

2004年3-8月在长江口沿岸碎波带5个站位用小型拖网(1 m×4 m,网目1 mm)采集到鱼稚鱼754尾,平均密度为10.9尾/网次,以6月的出现尾数最多,5月份最少。平均密度以St.2最高(80.6尾/网次)。通过研究St.2鱼稚鱼的平均体长及生长规律,其平均体长呈逐月递增趋势,表明该鱼以沿岸碎波带作为其保育场。对205尾鱼稚鱼的耳石日生长轮的观察结果,其日轮数与体长呈对数相关,并由耳石日轮数推算出其为3-6月孵化的个体。孵化后约20~46 d的个体在沿岸碎波带水域进行短期生活。鱼稚鱼在保育场的生长规律揭示了在进行海岸工程时必须强调对生态环境和水生生物保护的重要性。     

平邑县地下水开发利用研究

在分析了平邑县境内的地理位置、地势地貌、水文、气象气候等各种自然地理特征的基础上,剖析了不同地层岩性、地质构造及水文地质条件;根据渗透系数、释水系数、导水系数等各种水文地质参数及抽水实验结果,寻找出地下水呈明显的沿西北至东南方向以浚河谷地为中轴线的条带状分布规律,并提出地下水合理开发与利用的建议。     

Relative abundance of American badger (Taxidea taxus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in landscapes with high and low rodenticide poisoning levels

Over the past decade, extensive poisoning campaigns have been conducted in southern Saskatchewan to control Richardson's ground squirrel Spermophilus richardsonii (Sabine, 1822) populations. Such campaigns might impact on predator abundance by decreasing prey levels, and also through secondary poisoning. Using spotlighting, we investigated the relative abundance of American badgers Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777) and red fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in 2 study areas with road access and crops, but with different levels of poisoning. In the study area with relatively low poisoning (19.6% of the area traversed by roads), there were 2.2 times more American badgers per km of road and 6.4 times more red foxes per km than in the study area with high poisoning (89.7% of the area). It is recommended that an Integrated Pest Management program be developed to conserve natural predators across landscapes.