基于反相高效液相色谱技术测定市售羊乳粉中蛋白

为鉴别及检测不同地区市售羊乳粉的品质,基于反相高效液相色谱(reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC)技术,将35种市售羊乳粉根据陕西地区和非陕西地区、纯羊乳粉和配方羊乳粉进行分类与检测,研究不同产地、不同种类羊乳粉的差异,对羊乳粉品质进行分析判别。结果表明：对市售羊乳粉乳蛋白进行RP-HPLC测定发现,配方羊乳粉α_s2-酪蛋白(α_s2-casein,α_s2-CN)和β-CN相对含量分别低于纯羊乳粉20%和24%,κ-CN和乳清蛋白相对含量分别高于纯羊乳粉30%和50%;不同地区纯羊乳粉乳蛋白组成及含量相似。因此,通过RP-HPLC可以实现对市售羊乳粉中乳蛋白的测定和质量评价。     

抗菌肽粗提物对肉鸡生长性能、粪便微生物菌群结构及经济效益的影响

为分析抗菌肽粗提物对肉鸡生长性能、粪便微生物菌群结构及经济效益的影响,试验选择体重相近的21日龄白羽肉鸡600只,随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复10只,1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0％、1.5％、2.0％的抗菌肽粗提物,试验期为21 d.结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组...     

白斑综合征病毒与凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群区系之间关系的初步研究

比较了同一养殖池中的感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)和未感染WSSV的凡纳滨对虾的肠道菌群,旨在探讨对虾肠道菌群与机体健康状态之间的关系。感染WSSV对虾肠道的细菌总数为1.06×106CFU/尾,显著高于未感染WSSV的对虾(1.78×105CFU/尾;P<0.05),且其肠道中的细菌分别属于弧菌属、气单胞菌属、海水球菌属、盐水球菌属和乳酸杆菌属;染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05),气单胞菌的比例显著的低于感染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05);盐球菌所占的比例两者之间差异不显著。结果显示,两种对虾在肠道菌群组成和细菌组成和细菌数量上存在显著的差异,初步表明对虾肠道菌群区系和机体的健康状态密切相关。     

山羊卵母细胞无血清体外成熟培养

为研究无血清培养系统对山羊卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌激活胚胎早期发育力的影响,分别以0.3%牛血清蛋白(BSA)(mV)、1%聚乙烯醇(PVA)(mV)和1%胰岛素转铁蛋白亚硒酸钠(ITS)(VV)代替成熟培养液中胎牛血清(FBS),以添加5?S的OM为对照组,对来源于屠宰场的卵巢卵母细胞复合体(COCs)进行体外培养。成熟率PVA添加组(50.00%)显著低于FBS组(83.23%)(P<0.01)、BSA组(71.19%)和ITS组(76.79%),与FBS组无显著差异(P>0.05);成熟卵母细胞用离子霉素联合6-DMAP激活,在SOFaa中进行孤雌胚培养,BSA、PVA、ITS及FBS各组的卵裂率依次为61.90%、46.97%、79.07%和83.58%,囊胚率分别为25.00%、19.70%、55.81%和60.45%。结果表明:在OM基础培养液中添加BSA或PVA,卵母细胞的成熟率明显低于添加FBS,且卵裂率和囊胚发育率也低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);添加ITS,卵母细胞成熟率虽低于对照组,但孤雌胚卵裂率和囊胚发育率与对照组接近(P>0.05)。表明以ITS代替FBS,可用于山羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养。     

基于改进的粒子群多阈值算法的白色异性纤维检测

为了提高皮棉中白色异性纤维的识别精度,该文提出了一种基于改进混沌粒子群的白色异性纤维检测算法,该算法将图像的像素点按灰度值分为多类,把所有相邻类间方差看做一个粒子种群,以最大类间方差组作为种群适应度评价函数。通过滑动窗口技术判断算法是否陷入局部最优。有效克服了标准粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的缺陷。通过试验验证,该文提出的算法对白色异性纤维的识别准确率达到98.6%。通过与标准二维Otsu算法的对比分割试验发现在分割较细小的白色异性纤维以及白色纤维与皮棉发生重叠的情况时,该算法的分割结果比标准二维Otsu算法更准确,噪声点更少。为皮棉异性纤维检测与剔除工艺的改善提供了技术依据。     

Laboratory and on‐farm evaluation of low‐cost salt mixtures for use during salinity acclimation and the nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The current study evaluates the efficacy of a low‐cost salt mixture (LCSM) to replace expensive reconstituted sea salt (RSS) in the salinity acclimation and nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp under laboratory and farm conditions. LCSM was formulated to yield sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations closely comparable to that of diluted seawater. Laboratory‐based nursery trials were conducted at 2, 6 and 15 g/L salinities, incrementally replacing RSS with LCSM (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four replicates per treatment. Thirty postlarvae were reared for 7 days in 24‐L aquaria during the 2 and 6 g/L trials, while the nursery trial for 15 g/L salinity was conducted for 21 days with 400 postlarvae stocked in 150‐L tanks. On‐farm evaluation of LCSM was carried out in two tank‐based systems installed on levees adjacent to shrimp production ponds. RSS was incrementally replaced with LCSM (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and 100 postlarvae stocked into each 800‐L tank. Salinity acclimation was done from 30 g/L to 6 or 1.5 g/L within 2–3 days by pumping water from adjacent shrimp production ponds. Following salinity acclimation, the S4 system maintained flow‐through at 1.5 g/L, while N10 system was maintained static at 6 g/L salinity. At the conclusion, no significant differences were observed for either survival or growth of shrimp postlarvae between RSS and LCSM treatments at all salinities examined. Results reflect the potential use of LCSM to replace RSS, which could be an excellent solution to bring down the cost of production in inland shrimp aquaculture.     

陕北白绒山羊羯羊能量和蛋白质需要量

本试验旨在研究陕北白绒山羊羯羊能量和蛋白质的需要量,为制定其饲养标准提供数据。选取36只体重相近、健康状况良好的陕北白绒山羊周岁羯羊,按3×3(能量×蛋白质)完全随机设计分为9组,每组4个重复,每个重复1只。各组饲粮消化能和粗蛋白质水平分别参照NRC(1981)推荐量的100%、110%、120%和90%、110%、130%设定。预试期7 d,正试期46 d。结果表明:1)饲粮能量水平对周岁羯羊的干物质采食量和平均日增重都有极显著影响(P0.01),蛋白质水平对干物质采食量影响显著(P0.05);饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对干物质采食量有显著的互作效应(P0.05)。2)低能量水平组的可消化氮显著低于中能量水平组与高能量水平组(P0.05);低蛋白质水平组的进食氮、可消化氮、沉积氮、氮表观消化率均极显著低于中蛋白质水平组和高蛋白质水平组(P0.01)。3)总能消化率和总能代谢率均随着能量水平的提高而极显著地升高(P0.01);高蛋白质水平组的总能代谢率和消化能代谢率显著低于低蛋白质水平组(P0.05);能量和蛋白质水平对总能消化率、总能代谢率和消化能代谢率均产生显著或极显著的互作效应(P0.05或P0.01)。本试验得到了陕北白绒山羊周岁羯羊能量和蛋白质需要量的回归方程,饲粮的消化能和代谢能分别以8.80~10.61 MJ/kg和7.34~8.76 M J/kg较为适宜,粗蛋白质和可消化粗蛋白质分别以10.00%和7.34%为宜。     

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Shimao Zheng (Fleece-eating) in Sheep and Goats

Research on the disease called shimao zheng, which had resulted in widespread fleece-eating and shedding by sheep and goats in the Haizi area of Akesa County of Gansu Province of China, was carried out by both laboratory studies and pathological observations. There was a marked deficiency of sulfur in the wool and tissues of the affected animals. The pathological changes were mainly loss of fleece, exposure of the skin, keratinization of the epidermal cells, narrowing and reduced numbers of the fleece follicles, and fewer sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Histologically, there was atrophy of the striated and cardiac muscles and of the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney, together with a glomerulonephritis. The disease was considered to be a local nutritional and metabolic disorder, probably mainly caused by sulfur deficiency.     

山羊卵巢间质细胞分离方法的比较

【目的】比较体外条件下不同分离山羊卵巢间质细胞(ovarian interstitial cells)方法的效果。【方法】采用热消化法、冷消化法、单一酶消化法(热消化法,用Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅺ型胶原酶和2.5g/L胰蛋白酶+0.2g/L EDTA)及2步酶消化法分离山羊卵巢间质细胞。【结果】热消化法得到的细胞数量较冷消化法多,且试验所用时间缩短,但细胞活率降低。单一酶热消化法中,以1g/LⅪ型胶原酶效果最佳,适合体外培养。2步酶消化法以先胰蛋白酶后Ⅺ型胶原酶组的效果最佳,卵巢组织消化时间及体外培养首次换液时间均较短,适合于体外培养。【结论】采用1g/LⅪ型胶原酶单一酶热消化法或先胰蛋白酶后Ⅺ型胶原酶2步酶消化法,分离山羊卵巢间质细胞的效果均较好,可作为试验用卵巢间质细胞的理想分离方法。     

影响哺乳期羔羊生长的母羊因素分析

为探索母羊因素对哺乳期云上黑山羊羔羊生长发育的影响,根据母羊体重、胎次分别选取云上黑山羊初生羔羊90只和120只,公、母各半,从出生开始直至90日龄断奶,每10天进行1次体重测定,进行生长发育分析.结果表明:①母羊产后体重对羔羊初生重、哺乳期体重具有显著影响(P<0.05).母羔中,38～45 kg母羊组和48～62 ...