利用休眠控制河蟹性腺早熟的养殖试验

该项试验是针对近年来在河蟹养殖中幼蟹（扣蟹）性腺早熟提出的研究课题。根据顾景龄等“河蟹生长规律及性腺早熟控制的研究”证明：幼蟹性腺早熟的主要原因是６月至７月底期间，幼蟹蜕壳过频，生长过快所致、为控制幼蟹的性腺早熟，我们经过多年的试验研究，探索出利用“休眠”控制其早熟的养殖方法，并于１９９３年６月至９月３０日，在天津宁河县试验林场６． ６７ｈｍ２的河蟹精养池塘进行了生产性试验，在 ６月 １０日至 ８月 ５日期间，停止投饵、换水，使幼蟹进入休眠状态，８月５日以后，驯化投喂人工配合饵料，并严格控制水质，到９月３０日，幼蟹平均个体重达 ２３．９ ｇ，与对照组平均体重２５． ７ ｇ相近似，试验组早熟率不超过 ４％，而对照池（３．３３ ｈｍ２）几乎全部早熟。因此可以说这是一种控制幼蟹早熟简单而有效的方法。     

暗纹东方鲀生殖洄游期性腺发育特点及人工繁殖的研究

１９９６～１９９８年,作者从长江下游扬中段采捕暗纹东方鱼屯亲鱼,经暂养促熟处理（微流水刺激、投喂鲜活饵料、不定期注射适量的ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２）,雌鱼的性腺可发育到Ⅳ期末,对外源激素能引起正常的排卵反应。同时观察了Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期性腺发育的特点。催产药物为ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２和ＰＧ,三针注射,雌鱼剂量为３５ｍｇＰＧ＋６０μｇＬＨＲＨ－Ａ２／ｋｇ,雄鱼剂量减半。在水温１８～２２℃的条件下,效应时间为１０～３６小时;在２１～２２℃时,胚胎发育时间为１３９～２１０小时。１９９７～１９９８年的平均受精率为８３４％,平均孵化率为７８０％。     

Gender determination in the Paiche or Pirarucu (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arapaima gigas</Emphasis>) using plasma vitellogenin, 17β-estradiol,and 11-ketotestosterone levels

Arapaima gigas is an air-breathing giant fish of Amazonian rivers. Given its great economic and cultural importance, the aquaculture development of this species represents an evident solution to face the decline of wild populations. In captivity, reproduction occurs generally in large earthen ponds where stocks of a few tens of brooders are maintained together at the beginning of the rainy season (December–March in the Peruvian Amazon). Fry production relies on the spontaneous formation of male and female pairs, which build a nest, delimit a territory and guard the offspring for at least 20 days from other congeners and predators. However, as sex determination of A. gigas is not possible by morphological criteria, it is very difficult to optimize reproduction conditions and fry production in each pond, which seriously hampers the culture of this species. This situation prompted us to develop sexing methodologies based on (1) the detection of female specific plasma Vitellogenin (Vtg) using an enzyme immuno assay (EIA), and (2) the determination of plasma 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone levels for immature specimens. The Vtg purification was performed by electro-elution after polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) from plasma of 17β-estradiol treated A. gigas juveniles. Two different Vtg molecules were isolated, (Vtg₁ and Vtg₂) with 184 and 112 kDa apparent molecular masses, respectively, and two antibodies were raised in rabbits for each Vtg molecule. Adult fish were 100% accurately sexed by Vtg EIA, while 100% of immature fish and 95% of adults were accurately sexed by 17β-Estradiol and 11-Ketestosterone ratios. We also observed different color pattern development in male and female adult fish (6-year-olds) around the reproductive period.     

Ivermectin impairs sexual behavior in sexually naïve, but not sexually experienced male rats

Ivermectin (IVM) is an antiparasitic drug, widely used in domestic animals. In mammals, IVM act as a GABA agonist. This neurotransmitter has an important role in the regulation of sexual behavior. Thus, this study sought to investigate the effects of various medically relevant doses IVM on the sexual behavior of male rats. In particular, we also wished to examine if previous sexual experience modulated responses to IVM. In the first experiment, the sexual behavior of inexperienced male rats was analyzed after they received 0.2, 0.6, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg IVM, 15 min prior to behavioral testing. In the second experiment, the effects of four previous sexual experiences on IVM treated rats (1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, 15 min prior to the 5th session) were assessed. The standard therapeutic dose (0.2 mg/kg) did not impair the sexual behavior of inexperienced male rats. At a more concentrated dose (0.6 mg/kg), which is still within the therapeutic range, the appetitive phase of sexual behavior of inexperienced male rats was impaired. Likewise, 1.0 mg/kg impaired the appetitive phase. Previous sexual experience blocked almost entirely this sexual impairment, suggesting that previous sexual experience exerts a positive effect in attenuating the sexual impairment produced by IVM treatment. Therefore, the standard therapeutic dose of IVM can be used without producing side effects on sexual behavior. Use of more concentrated therapeutic doses is not recommended during reproductive periods, unless the animals have had previous sexual experience.     

马铃薯2x-2x,4x-2x和2x-4x杂交产生的四倍体杂种块茎产量和特性的优势表现及遗传分析

利用能产生2n配子的二倍体杂种与四倍体普通栽培种(S.tuberosum L.)和四倍体新型栽培种(Neo—tuberosum)进行了2x-2x,4x-2x和2x-4x间的杂交,获得了18个杂交组合的4x杂种家系,将这些家系与其10个4x亲本品种(品系)及对照品种在同一地点进行了连续两年的比较试验。结果表明:4x杂种家系单株平均块茎产量比亲本两年分别高16％和19％;其中最好的6个杂种家系比较好的4个品种(品系)分别高20％和43％;杂种产量的优势主要表现在单株块茎数目的显著增多,但在块茎商品率方面则与4x亲本差异不显著,而且杂种块茎的表现还不如4x亲本及对照品种,这是由于具2n配子特性的2x亲本这些性状较差所致。试验结果还表明杂种的遗传背景愈复杂其杂种优势也愈强,进一步说明马铃薯的产量与遗传异质性(多样性)的强弱可能有明显关系,利用2n配子特性可获得较高的遗传异质性。     

云南松繁殖技术研究进展

根据近年的种植试验、实践及相关材料,综合分析云南松的有性繁殖包括良种采集、播种、苗木管理等以及无性繁殖包括扦插繁殖和嫁接繁殖等方面。旨在为云南松繁殖提供参考。     

桑树新品种强桑1号的选育

以优质、高产、环境适应性强为选育目标,通过人工有性杂交,单株选择,系统选择,区试鉴定,育成中生中熟桑树新品种强桑1号。新品种与对照品种湖桑32号相比,每公顷桑叶产量增加37.60%,具有生长势旺、农艺性状优良、对环境的适应能力较强等特点,并且受桑瘿蚊的危害程度明显轻于对照品种湖桑32号。2009年,强桑1号通过浙江省的桑树品种审定,新品种在长江流域和黄河中下游地区均可种植。     

84K杨的生长特性及杂交可配性

经过多年育苗、造林试验及相关研究,得出了84K杨的生长特性主要表现为:生长迅速,1年生苗通直高大,平均高3.5m左右,最高达5.0m;苗木速生期出现在6、7月份,苗高、地径生长量分别占全年总量的64.5%和46.4%。对比试验林中材积生长量比毛白杨高79.8%,比毛白杨3个优良无性系大11.3%;抗病性强,3年生对比林中84K杨对主要病害黑斑病、叶枯病和锈病的感病指数分别为1.60%、1.18%和0.28%;对干部溃疡病,生长旺盛的植株几乎不感染;抗寒、抗旱性强,84K杨的抗寒、抗旱性比新疆杨、M101杨、毛白杨30号都强;根系发达,根蘖能力强,育苗成活率高;84K杨作亲本的杂交组合杂交可配性好,杂种优势强,是很好的杂交亲本。     

Nature of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) genetic diversity prevalent in a Pacific Ocean island, Vanua Lava, Vanuatu

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), cultivated in Vêtuboso, a village of northern Vanuatu, Melanesia, was surveyed to: (1) assess the extent of morphological and molecular variation being maintained by growers at the village level and, (2) compare this diversity with the diversity found in the crops in Vanuatu. Ethnobotanical data were combined with AFLP analysis to elucidate possible sources of variation. Folk assessment of variation is based on: (a) morphological characteristics (11 characters), (b) names and (c) classification according to habitat, uses, origin and agronomic adaptation. This 3-fold approach allowed growers to differentiate 96 morphotypes, all of which are given distinct vernacular names. AFLP fingerprints successfully differentiated all these 96 morphotypes which do not present a significant intra-clonal variation. But genetic results showed no clear groupings according to geographic origin or habitat of morphotypes and stated that the diversity found within the village was comparable with the overall diversity found in Vanuatu. Local nomenclature and stories associated with each cultivar suggested three sources of diversity: introductions (38%), somatic mutations (15%) and sexual recombinations (48%). AFLP results confirm folk beliefs about origin at least for three pairs of mutants. The 11 so-called wild forms analysed by AFLP were suggested to be feral, escapes from domestication. A dynamic in situ conservation strategy (DISC), favouring a broadening of the national genetic base, was discussed for taro.